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networkReview
terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Physical topology | physical layout of a network |
| Logical topology | a characteristic of network transmission that reflects the way in which data is transmitted between nodes |
| Star physical topology | every node on the network is connected thru a central device |
| Bus topology physical | single cable connects all devices on a network with no intervening connectivity device |
| ring topology physical | each node is connected to the two nearest nodes so that the entire network forms a circle.. |
| bus logical topology | information is transferred from one workstation directly to another workstation with nothing in between to re route the data |
| ring logical topology | data is transmitted unidirectionally.accepts packets and forwards them to the next workstation |
| star wired ring topology | uses the physical layout of the star and the token passing transmission method |
| repeaters | suited to only bus topology |
| serial backbone | backcone that has two or more internetworking devices connected to each other by a single cable in a daisy chain |
| distributed backbone | a number of connectivity devices are connected to a series of central connectivity devices |
| collapsed backbone | backbone that uses a router or switch as the single central connection point for multiple networks |
| parrallel backbone | backbone that consists of more than one connection from the central router or switch to each network segment. |
| circuit switching | a connection is established between two network nodes before they begin transmitting data |
| message switching | connection is established between two conection paths.one device sends data to the second device then breaks the connection |
| packet switching | data is broken into packets before it is transported |
| multiprotocol label switching | create end to end paths that act like circuit switching.use packet switching technology over circuit switched networks. |
| CSMA/CD | before a node begins to send data it checks the medium.if it detects no activity it sends the data.if it detetcts activity, it waits until there is none |
| 10 Base T | maximum segment length of 100 meters and relies on star topology. |
| 100 Base T | fast ethernet.maximum segment length of 100 meters.use star topology.100 Mbps throughput. |
| 1000 Base T | physical layer standard used for reaching 1 Gbps over UTP.uses all four pairs of Cat 5 cable to receive and transmit signals.uses a different data encoding scheme. |
| 10G Base T | uses Cat 6 or 7.10 Gbps data transmission over twisted cable. |
| 100 Base FX | specifies baseband transmission,multimode fiber cabling and 100 Mbps throughput.maximum segment length of 2000 meters. |
| 1000 Base LX | run on single or multimode fiber.specifies 1 Gbps transmission over fiber optic cable.use one repeaters between segments. |
| 1000 Base SX | specifies 1 Gbps transmission over fiber optic cable using baseband transmission.runs on multimode fiber.maximum segment length is 550 meters. |
| 10G Base SR | standard for acheiving 10 Gbps data transmission over multimode fiber.maximum segment length is 300 meters, depending on the fiber core diameter and model bandwith used |
| 10G Base SW | standard for acheiving 10 Gbps data transmission over multimode fiber.maximum segment length is 300 meters, depending on the fiber core diameter and model bandwith used.encoded for SONET WAN links |
| 10G Base LR | specifies a star topology and segment length up to 10 kilometers.standard for acheiving 10 Gbps data transmission over single mode fiber optic cable. |
| 10G Base LW | specifies a star topology and segment length up to 10 kilometers.standard for acheiving 10 Gbps data transmission over single mode fiber optic cable.encoded to operate over SONET WAN links. |
| 10G Base ER | specifies a star topology. Standard for scheiving 10 Gbps data transmission over single mode fiber optic cable.segment lengths up to 40 kilometers. |
| 10G Base EW | specifies a star topology. Standard for scheiving 10 Gbps data transmission over single mode fiber optic cable.segment lengths up to 40 kilometers.encoded to operate over SONET WAN links |
| Ethernet - II (DIX) | contains a 2 byte type field to identify the uppeer layer protocol contained in the frame. |
| PoE | delivering current to devices using ethernet connection cables |
| PSE | devices that supplies power to end nodes |
| Repeaters | device used to regenerate a signal |
| Hubs | connectivity device that retransmits incoming data signals to its multiple ports |
| Gateways | combination of hardware and software to connect two dissimiar networks.perform connectivity,session management and data translation. |
| Router | determine the best path between nodes based on traffic congestion.uses logical addressing information to ditect data between networks or segments. |
| Switch | connectivity device used to logically subdivide a network into smaller individual collision domains.interpret MAC address information to determine whether to filter or forward data packets. |
| NIC | enables a workstation to connect to the network and communicate with other computers. |
| Bridges | use a filtering database to determine which packets to discard and which to forward.reads header information to forward packets according to their MAC addresses.protocol dependent |
| Distance Vector | routing protocol that determines the best route for data based on the distance to the destination |
| RIP | slower and less secure.does not work in large environments where data may have to travel thru 12 routers or more to reach their destination |
| RIPv2 | makes up for some of the overhead and security flaws from the original routing protocol |
| BGP | border gateway routing protocol used on border & exterior routers and on Internet backbones. |
| Linkstate | routing protocol that enables routers to share information ,can independently map the network and can determine the best path between itself and the destination node. |
| OSPF | open shortest path first routing protocol that makes up for some of the limitations of RIP |
| IS-IS | intermediate system to intermediate system.designed for use on interior routers.link state routing protocol. |
| EIGRP | enhanced interior gateway routing protocol.fast convergence time and low network overhead.easier to configure and less CPU intensive that OSPF.supports multiple protocols and limits unnecessary network traffic. |
| DHCP | dynamic host configuration protocol.assigns IP address and eliminates the possibility of duplicate addressing. |
| STP | switching protocol.prevents traffic loops by identifying paths that could lead to loops.recalculates data paths. |
| RSTP | detects and corrects any network changes |
| ARP | obtains the physical address of the host and creates a local database that maps the MAC address to the hosts logical IP address. |
| Bridge ID | bridges MAC address and a combination of a 2 byte priority field |
| modular router | multiple slots that can hold different interface cards |
| PCMCIA | developed and interface for connecting any type of portable device to any computer |
| PC Card | standard that specifies a 16 bit interface ruunning at 8 MHz for externally attached devices |
| Express Card | standard that allows external devices to connect to portable computers thru a 26 pin interface |
| USB | standard external bus used to connect multiple peripherals |
| Firewire | peripheral standard.can be used to network pcs in a bus fashion. |
| Compact Flash | standard for ultrasmall removable data and input/output device capable of connecting many kinds of external peripherals to workstations |
| interior router | directs data between nodes on an autonomous Lan or one owned by a single organization |
| IRQ | msg sent to a pc that instructs it to stop what it is doing and pay attention to something else. |
| Memory range | hexadecimal number.indicates the area of memory that the NIC and CPU will use for exchanging,buffering data. |
| Firmware | hardware and software.hardware is a ROM chip that stores data established at the factory and possibly changed by configuration programs that can write to ROM |
| VLANs | a network within a network that is logically defined by grouping its devices switch ports in the same broadcast domain. |
| exterior router | operate on the Internet backbone.direct data between nodes external to a given autonomous LAN . |
| dynamic routing | automatically calculates the best path between two nodes and stored it in a table |
| routing protocols | used to collect data about current network status and help determine the best path |
| convergence time | time it takes for a router to recognize the best path if anything changes. |
| WAN | network that connects two or more LANs |
| bus topology WAN | uses different locations with each one connected to another thru point to point links to transmit and receive data |
| ring topology WAN | connects locations rathern then local nodes.relies on redundant rings to carry data. |
| star topology WAN | a single site acts as a central connection point for several other points.provides seperate routes for data between any two sites. |
| full mesh topology WAN | includs many interconnected sites which means data can travel directly from ints origin to its destination and can quickly br rerouted when necessary. |
| partial mesh WAN topology | only critical WAN sites are directly interconnected |
| plain old telephone service | includes the entire telephone system,incudes the wires that enter homes and businesses to the network centers they connect to |
| central office | place where phone companies terminate lines and switch calls from different locations |
| x.25 | analog packet switching technology designed for long distance data transmission.guarantee data delivery |
| frame relay | digital packet switching technology designed for long distance data transmission.no guarantee data delivery |
| switched virtual circuits | connections that are established then terminated after the transmission is complete |
| permanent virtual circuits | connections that are established before data needs to be terminated and maintained after the transmission is complete |
| committed information rate | service provider guarantees a minimum amount of bandwith |
| Integrated services digital network | specifies protocols at the physical,data link and transport layers of the OSI model.relies on PSTN for transmission medium. |
| Integrated services digital network | protocols handle signaling,framing,connection setup and termination,routing,flow control, error detection and correction |
| terminal adapter | converts digital signals into analog signals for use with ISDN phones and other analog devices |
| T-carrier | standard that specifies a method of signaling that belongs to the physical layer and uses time division multiplexing over two wire pairs,one for transmitting and one for receiving, to divide a single channel into multiple channels. |
| smart jack | terminates T-wire pairs and functions as a monitoring point for the connection.does not interpret data. |
| channel service unit | provides termination for the digital signal and ensures connection integrity thru error correction and line monitoring |
| data service unit | converts the T carrier frames into frames the LAN can interpret and vice versa |
| digital subscriber line | span only limited distances without the help of repeaters.support multiple data and voice channels over a single line.operates over public switched telephone network. |
| downstream | data traveling from the carriers switch facility to the customer |
| upstream | data traveling from the customer to the carriers switch facility |
| asymmetrical | technology that offers more throughput on one direction then the other |
| symmetrical | technology that offers equal capacity for data traveling both upstream and downstream |
| cable modem | a device that modualtes and demodulates signals for transmission and reception via cable wiring |
| asynchronous transfer mode | standard prescribes both network access and signal multiplexing techniques |
| asynchronous | a communications method.a node can transmit at any instant and the destination node must accept it. |
| synchronous optical network | specifies framing and multiplexing techniques at the physical layer. |
| synchronous | means that data being transmitted and received by nodes must conform to a timing scheme. |
| synchronous optical network | double ring topology over fiber optic cable |
| SONET ring | begins and ends at the telecommunications carrier facility |
| optical carrier | data rate of a particular synchronous optical network |
| sonet technology | relies on fiber optic cable,expensive to implement, |
| remote access service | dial up networking software |
| routing and remote access service | enables a computer to accept multiple remote client connections over any type of transmission path |
| routing and remote acces service | enables a server to act as a router which determines where to direct incoming packets across the network. |
| Serial Line Internet Protocol | protocol that enables a workstation to connect to another computer using a serial connection and carries only IP packets. |
| Point to Point protocol | protocol that enables a workstation to connect to another computer using a serial connection |
| Point to point protocol | can automatically obtain the IP address as it connects to the server |
| Serial Line Internet protocol | must specify the IP address for the client and the server |
| virtual network computing | system designed to allow one workstation to remotely manipulate and receive screen updates from another workstation |
| open source | software where no one pays licensing fees to use it. |
| virtual private networks | are wide area networks that are logically defined over public transmission networks |
| virtual private networks | allows access to only authorized users.traffic is isolated from other traffic on the same public lines |
| tunneling | |
| point to point tunneling protocol | |
| Layer 2 tunneling protocol | |
| two types of ISDN connections | BRI and PRI |
| most common T carrier implementations | T1 and T3 |
| synchronous optical network advantages | fast data transfer rates,allows simple link additions and removals,high degree of fault tolerance |
| data link layer protocols | point to point,serial line internet, |
| asynchronous transfer mode | fixed packets,connection oriented,fourty eight bytes of data |
| virtual privat enetworks | one way to construct a WAN from existing puiblic transmission systems |
| tunneling protocols | point to point and Layer 2 |
| digital subscriber line | physical layer |
| digital subscriber line access multiplexer | aggregates multiple dsl line before connecting them to the Internet or another carrier |
Created by:
cgeaski
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