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Ch. 8 Vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on web pages, e-mail, or other internet services. | Adware |
Program that attempts to remove spam before it reaches a user’s inbox. | Anti-spam programs |
Program that protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in memory, on storage media, or on incoming files. | Antivirus program |
Basic input/output system; firmware that contains a computer’s startup instructions. | BIOS |
Process of turning on a computer that has been powered off completely. | Cold boot |
Type of user interface in which a user types commands or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instruction. | Command-line interface |
Combine several files into a single compressed folder to save storage space or to share them more easily. | Compressed files/zipped |
Potentially damaging computer program that affects, or infects, a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works without the user’s knowledge or permission. | Computer virus |
Program that runs the same on multiple operating systems . | Cross platform |
Reorganizing a disk so that the files are stored in contiguous sectors, thus speeding up disk access and the performance of an entire computer. | Defragmenting |
Utility program that compiles technical information about a computer’s hardware and certain system software programs and then prepares a report outlining any identified problems. | Diagnostic utility |
Utility that reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster. | Disk defragmenter |
Utility that searches for and removes unnecessary files. | Disk scanner |
Disk operating system | DOS |
Small program that tells an operating system how to communicate with a specific device. | Driver |
Process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access/Process of deciphering encrypted data into readable form. | Encryption/decryption |
Computer that has duplicate components so it can continue to operate when one of its main components fail | Fault tolerant computer |
Utility that performs functions related to file management. | File manager |
Audio editing software feature designed to enhance audio quality. | Filters |
Specific named location on a storage medium that contains related documents. | Folder |
Type of user interface that allows a user to interact with software using texts, graphics, and visual images, such as icons. | Graphical user interface (GUI) |
The core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the computers clock, starts programs, and assigns the computer’s resources. | Kernel |
Short for malicious software; programs that act without a user’s knowledge and deliberately alter a computer’s operations. | Malware |
Remaining in memory while a computer is running. | Memory resident |
Employee who configures, installs, and maintains LANs, WANs, intranets, and internet systems; identifies and resolves connectivity issues. | Network administrator |
Instructions that remain on a hard disk until they are needed. | Nonresident |
Set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware devices. | Operating system |
Private combination of characters associated with a user name that allows access to certain computer resources. | Password |
Operating system program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices. | Performance monitor |
Scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information. | Phishing |
Set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. | Platform |
Filtering program that stops pop-up ads from displaying on web pages. | Pop-up blocker |
Utility program that causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no mouse activity occurs for a specific time. | Screen saver/ghosting |
Icon on the desktop that provides a user with immediate access to a program or file. | Shortcut |
In reference to another operating system, allowing a single user to work on two or more programs that reside in memory at the same time. | Single user/multitasking |
In reference to an operating system allowing only one user to run one program at a time. | Single user/single tasking |
Program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user. | Spyware |
Software that serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and the computer’s hardware. | System software |
Malicious-logic program named after the Greek myth that hides within or looks like a legitimate program | Trojan horse |
The portion of software that defines how a user interacts with a computer, including how the user enters data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen. | User interface |
Unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user. | User name |
Type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. | Utility program |
A portion of a storage medium, usually the hard disk, that the operating system allocates to function as additional RAM. | Virtual memory |
Process of using the operating system to restart a computer. | Warm boot |
Malicious-logic program that copies itself repeatedly, using up system resources and possibly shutting down the system. | Worm |