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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| testicular mass that does not transilluminate | cancer |
| malignant, PAINLESS, homogenous | seminoma |
| 15-35 year old man, most common testicular tumor | seminoma |
| large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and fried egg appearance | seminoma |
| malignant but radiosenstive | seminoma |
| malignant and PAINFUL | embryonal carcinoma |
| increased hCG and normal AFP when pure (increased AFP when mixed) | embryonal carcinoma |
| glandular/papillary morphology. "pure" is rare | embryonal carcinoma |
| yellow, mucinous | yolk sac tumor |
| schiller duvall bodies | primitive glomeruli, increased AFP, yolk sac tumor |
| malignant, increased HCG | choriocarcinoma |
| disorder syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elements | choriocarcinoma |
| hematogenous spread to lung | choriocarcinoma |
| gynecomastia | choriocarcinoma hCG is LH analog |
| fibroadenoma | small, mobile, firm mass with sharp edges, <35 yr |
| intraductal papilloma | small tumor that grows in lactiferous ducts. Beneath areola |
| phyllodes tumor | large bulky mass of CT and cysts. leaf like |
| most common in 6th decade | phyloodes tumor |
| serous or bloody nipple discharge, benign | intraductal papilloma |
| fills ductal lumen, arises from ductal hyperplasia | DCIS |
| early malignancy w/o BM involvement | DCIS |
| ductal, caseous necrosis, subtype of DCIS | comedocarcinoma |
| firm, fibrous, rock hard mass with sharp margins with shsarp margins and small, glandular, dudct like cells. stellate morphology | invasive ductal |
| worst and most invasive, most common breast cancer | invasive ductal |
| orderly row of cells, often multiple, bilateral | invasive lobular |
| inflammatory breast cancer | dermal lymphatic invasion of breast carcinoma, peau d'orange; neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage |
| paget's disease | eczematous patches on nipple, large cells in epidermis with clear halo |
| most common cause of breast lumps from age 25 to menopause | fibrocystic disease |
| premenstrual breast pain, multiple lesions, bilateral | fibrocystic disease |
| hyperplasia of breast stroma | fibrosis |
| increased acini and intralobular fibrosis | sclerosing adenosis; a/w calcifications |
| epithelial hyperplasia | increased number of epithelial cell layers in terminal duct lobule |
| dysuria, frequency, urgency, low back pain | prostaitis |
| acute prostatitis | bacterial - E. coli |
| chronic prostatitis | bacterial or abacterial |
| nodular enlargement of lateral and middle (periurethral) lobes | BPH |
| may lead to hydronephrosis and UTI | BPH |
| increased FREE PSA | BPH |
| increased total PSA with decreased fraction of free PSA | prostate cancer |
| posterior lobe (peripheral zone) | prostate cancer |
| normal testosterone levels, impaired spermatogenesis | cryptorchidism |
| decreased inhibin, increased FSH, normal LH and testoerone | cryptorchidism |
| transilluminated | lesions in the serous covering of testis- hydrocele, spermatocele |
| increased fluid secondary to incomplete fusion of processus vaginalis | hydrocele |
| meds that cause priapism | anticoagulants, PDE5 inhibitors, antidepressants, alpha blockers, cocaine |
| no sexual hair, testes in labia majora, increased testosterone, estrogen, LH | androgen insensitivity syndrome |
| AR; nl estrogen/testosterone levels, LH is normal or increased | 5 alpha reductase def |
| defective development of GnRH cells and olfactory placode; decreased synthesis of GnRH in the hypothalamus; decreased GnRH, dec FSH, dec LH, dec testosterone, dec sperm count | kallmann syndrome |
| cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium (trophoblast) that presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding | hydatidiform mole |
| no fetus during 1st sonogram, snowstorm appearance | hydatidiform mole |
| tx of hydatidiform mole | dilatation and curettage and methotrexate |
| period when HTN occurs in preeclampsia | 20 weeks gestation to 6 weeks postpartum |
| HTN before 20 weeks | molar pregnancy |
| increased incidence of pre-eclampsia in whom? | HTN, diabetes, chronic renal disease, autoimmune disorders |
| path of preeclampsia | placental ischemia due to impaired vasodilation of spiral arteries, resulting in increased vascular tone |
| hyperreflexia, blurred vision, HA, abdominal pain, edema of face and extremities, altered mentation, thrombocytopenia, hyperuricemia | preeclampsia |
| tx of preeclampsia | magnesium sulfate; diazepam |
| a/w DIC, increased risk with smoking, HTN, cocaine use, painful bleeding in 3rd trimester | abruptio placentae |
| defective decidual layer allows placenta to attach to myometrium | placenta accreta |
| causes of oligohydramnios | placental insufficiency, bilateral renal agenesis, posterior urethral valves (in males) |
| what causes Potter's syndrome | oligohydramios |
| retained placental tissue may cause? | postpartum hemorrhage |
| confirmation test for ectopic pregnancy | ultrasound, increased beta HC |
| what would endometrial biopsy show for ectopic pregnancy? | decisdualized endometrium but no chorionic villi (develop only in intrauterine pregnancy) |
| spindle shaped cells that are desmin positive; <4 years of age girls | sarcoma botyroides (rhabdomyosarcoma variant) |
| causes of pripism | alpha blockers, cocaine, antidepressants, PDE5 inhibitors, anticoagulants, sickle cell, trauma |
| SCC of penis | more common in Asia, Africa, South America; commonly associated with HPV, lack of circumcision |
| tunica vaginalis lesions | lesions in the serous covering of testis- present as testicular masses that can be transilluminated |
| androblastoma from sex cord stroma | sertoli cell testicular nongerm cell tumor |
| contains reinke crystals; androgen producing, gynecomastia in men, precocious puberty in boys, golden brown color | leydig cell (unilateral) |
| teratoma lab values in male | increased HCG and AFP in 50% of cases |
| gynecomastia in males testicular germ cell tumor | choriocarcinoma (since hCG is an LH analog) |
| yolk sac tumor | yellow mucinous; schiller duval bodies |
| malignant; painful, worse prognosis than seminoma; glandular/papillary morphology in males | embryonal carcinoma |
| pure is rare; most commonly mixed with other tumor types; may be a/w increased HCG, and normal AFP levels when pure | embryonal carcinoma |
| seminoma | malignant; painless, homogenous testicular enlargement; most common testicular tumor; males 15-35 |
Created by:
ilovemusic007
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