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Physiology I
RBC - Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the 4 functions of RBCs? | 1. Transportation 2. Hemostasis - Clotting and Fluidity 3. Homeostasis 4. Carbonic Anhydrase - catalyst for CO2 and H20 reactions |
| What is the shape and structure of a RBC | RBCs have a round biconcave disc that allows it deform allowing it to pass through capillaries which have about the same diameter of 7.8 micrometers |
| What is the concentration of RBC's in men? | 5,200,000 mm3 (+ 3,000,000 varying according to size of individual, activity levels, and elevation) |
| What is the concentration of RBC's in women? | 4,700,000 mm3 (+ 3,000,000 varying according to size of individual, activity levels, and elevation) |
| Hematocrit separates what? | Hematocrits separates the plasma from the formed elements in blood? |
| What is the normal ranges for men and women of the formed elements in a hemotacrit? | 40% + or - 5% |
| What is the ratio of hemoglobin in males? | 16gm/dl |
| What is the ratio of hemoglobin in females? | 12-13 gm/dl |
| 1 gram of hemoglobin can carry how many ml of oxygen? | 1.34ml |
| What is the O2 carrying capacity for males? | 20 ml |
| What is the O2 carrying capacity for females? | 19 ml |
| Q: ______________ a stimulus for red cell production? | Erythropoietin |
| Erythrocyte count, Hematocrit, and Hemoglobin are usually higher or lower in men than in women? | Higher |
| What vitamin enhances the absorption of iron? | Vitamin C |
| What is the end product of RBC degradation? | bilirubin |
| What is hematocrit? | ratio of cells to fluid in the blood |
| What is the most abundant constituent of blood? | H20 |
| Which of the following is a major site of RBC production in an adult? | Iliac Crest |
| Where is RBC production happening mid trimester gestation? | 1. Liver 2. Spleen 3. Lymph Nodes |
| Where is RBC production during adulthood? | 1. Vertebrae 2. Sternum 3. Ribs 4. Ilia |
| What is the largest fraction of the blood volume? | plasma |
| What is the first site of production for red blood cells? | yolk sac |
| The majority of iron found in the body is in what form? | hemoglobin |
| What is the normal lifespan of a red blood cell? | 4 months |
| As RBC's mature do they get bigger or smaller? | Smaller - think as you get old and decrepit you get smaller |
| What is Myeloid? | Blood producing tissue |
| Where are pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells found? | Bone Marrow |
| What is a CFU? | Colony forming unit |
| What promotes growth and reproduction of all stem cell types? | Interleukin 3 |
| What does pro or blast mean? | Immature |
| Name the stages of RBC Genesis? | 1. Proerythroblast 2. Basophil Erythroblast 3. Polychromatophil erythroblast 4. Orthochromatic Erythroblast 5. Reticulocyte 6. Erythrocyte |
| What is the most essential regulator of RBC's | Tissue Oxygenation |
| Decreased tissue O2, increases or decreases RBC production? | Increases |
| What is the primary site for Erythropoietin | Kidneys |
| Erythropoietin responds to: | 1. Hypoxia - decreased O2 in tissue 2. nonrenal sensors in the body 3. norepinephrine 4. epinephrine 5. prostaglandins |
| What % of erythropoetin is formed in the kidneys? % in liver? | 90% in Kindney 10% in Liver |
| Folic acid and what vitamin are necessary for RBC maturation? | Vitamin B12 |
| What foods are rich in Vitamin B12? | Animal products |
| How long is B12 stored in the liver | 3-4 years |
| What foods are rich in folic acid? | Green Vegetables, Fruits, and Liver |
| What are the 4 variations of hemoglobin? | 1. Alpha Chain 2. Beta Chain 3. Gamma Chain 4. Delta Chain |
| Hemoglobin consists of 2 _______ chains and 2 _________ chains? | 1. Alpha 2. Beta |
| 1 Hemoglobin molecule = | 4 heme subunits and 4 iron atoms which can carry 4 O2 molecules or 8 O2 atoms |
| How many grams of Iron is in the human body? | 4-5 Grams |
| What % of Iron is in the form of hemoglobin? | 65% |
| What is the approximate adult concentration of red blood cells per cubic millimeter? | 5,000,000 |
| In human development, where is the original site for red blood production? | yolk sac |
| Q: ______________ areevidence of immature red blood cells? | Retics |
| Which of the following percentages is a normal hematocrit for a male? | 40% |
| What is the most common form of adult hemoglobin? | hemoglobin A |
| The spleen, kuppfer cells, and bone marrow will will phagocytize hemoglobin, True or False? | True |
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Tri 2
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