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Literature test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| one act play | entire play takes place in a single location and unfolds as one continuous action |
| acts | main division of a full length play-- their ends are indicated by lowering a curtain or turning up the household lights |
| scenes | further divided-- a scene changes when location of action changes or when new characters enter |
| conventions | understood and accepted by audiences because come through usage and time, to be recognized as familiar techniques |
| setting | establish an atmosphere |
| suspense | before single word spoken, suspense is created, cuases anxious uncertainty about what will happen |
| exposition | setting further developed, device that provides necessary background information about characters and their circumstances |
| diolouge | verbal exchanges between characters |
| conflict | or struggle |
| plot | authors arrangement of incidents in the play that gives the story a particular focus and emphasis |
| subplot | secondary action that reinforces or contrasts with the main plot |
| protagonists | central character with whom we tend to identify |
| antagonists | character who is in some kind of opposition to the central character |
| stage direction | play wrights instructions on how the actor should move and behave |
| pyramidal pattern | plot divided into three essential parts |
| riseing action | complication creates conflict for protagonists |
| climax | when action reches a final crisis, a turning point that has a powerful effect on the protagonist |
| falling action | tension is deminished in the resolution of the plots conflicts and complications |
| foil | a character whose behavior and values contrast with the protagonists |
| theme | central idea or meaning of the play |
| orchestra | encircled seats, "dancing place" |
| chorus | a dozen or so men chanted lines and danced |
| skene | stage building that served as dressing rooms |
| deus ex machina | "god from the machine" describe any improbable means by which an author provides a too easy resolution for a story |
| prologue | opening speech or diologue, usually gives exposition necessary to follow subsequent action |
| paradus | chorus makes first entrance and gives its perspective on what audience has learned in prologue |
| episodia | or episodes, follow in which character engage in diologue that frequently consists of heated debates dramatizing plays conflicts |
| stasimon | choral ode, chorus responds to and interprets the proceeding diologue |
| exodus | last scene, follows final episode and stasimon, resolution occurs and characters leave the stage |
| tragedy | presents courageous individuals who confront powerful forces within or outside themselves with a dignity that reveals the breaddth and depth of the human spirit in the face of failure |
| hamartia | aristotle used this term for weakness, interpreted to mean protagonists fall is result of internal tragic flaw--excess of pride, ambition, passion, some other character trait that leads to disaster |
| catharsis | purge action of emotions 'pity and fear' |
| reversal | point when heroes fortunes turn in an unexpected direction |
| recognition | messenger reveals previously unkown info |
| dramatic irony | (tragic irony) meaning of character words or actions is understood by the audience but not by the character |
| mystery plays | dramatize stories from the bible |
| miracle plays | based on lives of saints |
| morality plays | present allegorical stories in which virtues and vices are personified to teach humanity how to achieve salvation |
| aside | a speech directed only to the audience |
| soliloquy | speech deliviered while an actor is alone on stage, like an aside, it reveals a characters state of mind |
| history play | british play based primarily on chronicles of england, scotland, and ireland |
| comedy | overall tone is serious--encouraged to laugh at something |
| comic relief | humerous scene or incident that alleviates tension in an otherwise serious work |
| romantic comedies | typically envolve lovers whose hearts are set on each other but whose lives are complicated |
| satire | casts a critical eye on vices and follies by holding them up to ridicule--usually to point out an obscurity to be avoided or corrected |
| high comedy | consists of wit |
| low comedy | generally associated with physical action and is less intellectual |
| farce | a form of humor based on exaggerated improbable incongruities |
| tradgedy | doesnt promise peace and contentment... |
| revenge tragedy | well established type of drama that traced its antececendents to greek and roman plays |
| realism | literary technique that attempts to create the apperance of life as it is actually expierenced |
| melodramas | offer audience thrills and chills as well as happy endings |
| problem play | drama that represents a social issue inorder to awaken the audience to it |
| naturalism | more philosophical approach than literary technique, naturalism derives from human beings as a part of nature and subject to its laws |
| groundlings | no seats, had to stand and only paid one penny to watch the play, uneducated but sophisticated people |
| catharsis | "purgation" describes release of emotions of pity and fear by the audience at the end of a tragedy |
| character | person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, the process by which a writer makes that character seem real to the reader |
| plot | authors selection and arrangement of incidents ina story to shape the action and give the story a particular focus. |
| conflict | struggle within the plot between opposing forces |
| round characters | more complex and often display the inconsistencies and internal conflicts found in most real people. |
| flat characters | embodies one or two qualities, ideas, or traits that can be readily described in a brief summary |
| soliloquy | dramatic convention by means of which a character, alone onstage, utters his or her thoughts aloud. |
| drama | actors on stage before an audience |
| elizabethan drama | providance-presense of God fortune-way world is free will-human ghoice great chain of being, everything is connected |