Help
Options
Question
The primary targets for microbial control are
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Which microbes have the highest RESISTANCE?
Remaining cards (66)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
microexam3d
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The primary targets for microbial control are | microorganisms capable of causing infection or spoilage (that are constantly present in the external environment & on the human body |
| Which microbes have the highest RESISTANCE? | Prions and bacterial endospores |
| What is sterilization? | A process that destroys or removes all viable microorganisms, including viruses |
| Can an item be almost sterile? | Things can only be sterile or not sterile |
| The use of a physical process or chemical agent to destroy vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores | disinfection |
| the growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues | SEPSIS |
| Any practice which prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues and thus prevents infection | Asepsis |
| A ____________ is normally only used on INANIMATE objects because the concentrations required to be effective can be toxic to human/animal tissue | disinfectant |
| These are examples of _________________: Applying a solution of 5% bleach to an examining table, boiling food utensils | disinfection |
| Aseptic techniques commonly practiced in health care consist of _____________ being applied directly to exposed body surfaces | antiseptics |
| Swabbing an open root canal with hydrogren peroxide is an example of _______ | antisepsis (aseptic technique) |
| Does a -cidal agent result in sterilization? | Not necessarily |
| a cleasing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms and other debris to reduce contamination to organisms | sanitization, |
| Soap and detergent are examples of | sanitizers |
| the reduction of the number of microbes on the human skin involving scrubbing skin or immersing in chemicals | degermation |
| The permanent termination of an organism's vital processes | death |
| How do we determine if microbial death has occured? | The most practical way is to determine if a microbial cel can still reproduce when exposed to a suitable environment |
| Factors that influence rate at which microbes are killed by antimicrobial agents | 1. lenght of exposure to agent. 2. effect of the microbial load. 3. relative resistance of spores vs vegetative forms 4. action of the agent, whether microbicial or microbistatic |
| The cellular targets of physical & chemical agents fall into 4 general categories | 1. the cell wall 2. cell membrane 3. cellular synthetic processes (DNA, RNA) 4. proteins |
| Particularly in gram-negative bacteria __________ & ___________ disrupt the cell walls making them fragile and lysed more easily. | Detergents, Alcohol |
| Chemical agents damage the cell wall by | blocking its synthesis, digesting it, or breaking down its surface |
| Microorganisms have a cell membrane composed of ______________ and ______________ | lipids and proteins |
| large, mixed collection of microbes adapted to the body; includes bacteria fungi, protozoa. | Normal flora |
| some sites that harbor normal flora are | skin, upper respiratory tract, GI tract, external genitalia, external ear/eye |
| Give an example of normal flora | Escherichia coli living in the intestine which produce Vitamin K |
| Not always present, not permanent type of flora | Transient |
| When one microbe benefits, but its cohabitant is neither harmed nor benefited | commensalism |
| exists when organisms live in an obligatory, but mutually beneficial relationship. There is one obligatory dependent but both benefit | mutualism |
| What is viremia? | Presence of viruses in the blood stream |
| The entry, establishment and multiplication of pathogenic organisms within a host | Infection |
| What is a secondary infection? | an infection that compunds a preexisting infection |
| When does naturation occur? | when the bonds that maintain the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein are broken |
| What is a way a protein can be denatured? | Through coagulation by moist heat, chemicals such as strong organic solvents, and phenolics |
| Methods of controlling microorganisms can be divided into two broad categories _______ & _______ | Physical and chemical control |
| Methods of physical control | Heat, radiation filtration ultrasonic waves, and even cold, but heat is the most prominent way to physically control microoganisms |
| The mechanical removal of most microbes from an animate or inanimate surface, but doesn't kill | Decontamination |
| What are the contaminants that need to be controlled? | bacterial vegetative cells & endospores; fungal hyphae & spores; yeasts; protozoan trophozoites & cysts; worms; viruses; prions |
| disinfection of LIVING things | Antisepsis |
| give an example of asepsis | handwashing, hydrogen peroxide, iodine |
| stasis and static mean | to stand still; not change |
| prevent the growth of bacteria | bacteristatic |
| inhibit fungal growth | fungistatic |
| Factors that influence the action of antimicrobial agents | # of organisms (load); nature of microorganisms in population; temp & pH of environment; concentration of agent; mode of action of agent; presence of solvents |
| Antimicrobial modes of action ** | the cell wall; the cell membrane; DNA, RNA; proteins (denaturation by alcohols, acids, antibiotics |
| another name for detergent | surfactant |
| what does a surfactant do? | breaks up the lipids |
| methods of physical microbial control | heat - moist or dry |
| the shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temp | thermal death time (TDT) |
| the lowest temp required to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 minutes | thermal death point (TDP) |
| Autoclave uses | steam under pressure |
| most efficient pressure-temperature combination for sterilization | 15 psi above normal atmospheric pressure which yeilds 121 degrees |
| nonpressurized steam | tyndallization or intermittent sterilization |
| used to disinfect beverages | pasteurization |
| two types of pasteurization | flash method and batch method |
| T/F pasteurization does not kill endospores or thermoduric microbes | True |
| What is the simplest way to disinfect? | boiling water |
| ignites and reduces microbes to ash and gas | incineration |
| dehydration of vegetative cells when directly exposed to normal room air | desiccation |
| making beef jerky is an example of | desiccation |
| a combination of freezing and drying; used to preserve microorganisms and other cells in a viable state for many years | lyophilization |
| What is the most common target for radiation? | DNA |
| types of radiation | ionizing and nonionizing |
| technique for removing microbes from air and liquids | filtration |
| What is a tinture? | solution dissolved in pure alcohol or water-alcohol mixtures |
| What are the two branches of the immune system? | innate (born with it) and acquired/adapted |
| The innate branch breaks down into ________ & ______________ | first line of defense - physical barrier, chemical barriers, and genetic components & the second line of defense - inflammatory response, interferons, phagocytosis, and complement |
| The acquired branch or third line of defense can be broken down into _________ and _______ | naturally acquired and artificially acquired |
Created by:
microwoman
Popular Biology sets