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What is hemostasis?
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What are the 3 phases of hemostasis?
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Anatomy- Blood types
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is hemostasis? | the process of the stoppage of bleeding |
| What are the 3 phases of hemostasis? | vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, and coagulation |
| What happens in vascular spasms? | the vessels constrict to bring less volume of blood to site of a cut |
| What is platelet plug formation? | platelets get stuck to the cut, then more platelets get stuck to those, then they burst and release clotting facts to release sticky stuff |
| What is coagulation? | blood clotting: liquid to gel through the clotting factors |
| What are clotting factors? | chemicals present in the plasma as an inactive form, soluble, most are proteins, roman numerals are due to the order of discovery |
| What is the intrinsic pathway? | |
| What is the extrinsic pathway? | |
| No matter the pathway, they will both include these 3 steps of activation of clotting factors: | 1. prothrombin activator causes 2. prothrombin to convert to thrombin that becomes an enzyme 3. fibrinogen then converts to fribrin |
| Prothrombin is what and what? | inactive and insoluble |
| Thrombin is what and what? | active and soluble |
| Fibrinogen is what? | soluble |
| Fibrin is what? | insoluble |
| What does the fibrin do? | it holds back cells so that serum leaks through after bleding stops |
| What is serum? | plasma without the clotting factors |
| What is heparin? | anticoagulent |
| What does heparin do/ | keeps you clot free so clots arent floating around in the body and it is sometimes given to people who had surgery |
| What is coumadin? | medication that changes ability for vitamin k from acting in the clotting and prevents a lot of it from clotting |
| patients on coumadin may have a lot of what? | black and blue marks |
| What is fibrinolysis? | destroys clots |
| plasmin is what? | the clot buster that is a protein in plasma |
| what is thrombosis? | a stationary clot |
| what is an embolism? | moving clot |
| what is the problem with an embolism? | if it gets caught in lungs heart or brain it will cut off oxygen |
| what is hemophelia? | bleeding disorder |
| in someone with hemophilia, what are they missing? | some clotting factors |
| why must babies born with hemophelia must wear protective gear? | because any bruise can cause internal bleeding |
| What is the treatment for hemophilia? | blood and plasma transfusion |
| how did people used to get aids because of blood transfusion? | because blood used to not be screened before it was used |
| what is an antigen? | protein that sets off a reaction to initiate antibody formation |
| What is an antibody? | it is formed in response to an antigen |
| Antigens on a red blood cell are part of what cell structure? | cell membrane |
| what 2 types of antigens are there? | a & b |
| Blood type A: what antigen is present? what antibody is made? who can type A donate to? who can type A recieve from? | A antigen; B antibody; can donate to A,AB; and recieve from A,O |
| Blood type B:what antigen is present? what antibody is made? who can type B donate to? who can type B recieve from? | B antigen; A antibody; can donate to B, AB; and recieve from B, O |
| Blood type AB:what antigen is present? what antibody is made? who can type AB donate to? who can type AB recieve from? | A & B antigen; no antibodies; can donate to AB; and recieve from everyone |
| Blood type O:what antigen is present? what antibody is made? who can type O donate to? who can type O recieve from? | no antigen; both antibodies, can donate to all, can recieve from O |
| Example: if the A antibody sees the A antigen what will happen? | they will react and destroy each other |
| You have the antibody for the ______ you don't have | antigen |
| Why do you have both antibodies in blood type O? | because you have no antigens so you have 2 antibodies |
| When looking at donating blood, you have to look at what? | |
| When looking at recieving blood, you have to look at what? | |
| What is the universal reciever? | AB |
| what is the universal donor? | O |
| What is the Rh factor? | the + or _ on the blood type |
| if you have the Rh antigen you are? | + |
| 85% of the population is what? | Rh + |
| If you are Rh+ you will not form what? | Rh+ antibodies |
| If you are Rh - you do not have but you are able to form what? | Rh + antibodies |
| How can an Rh- person develop Rh+ antibodies? | through a blood transfusion or if they are pregnant with an Rh+ child |
| When will an Rh- woman having an Rh+ child be a problem? | if the mother has another child and they are also Rh+, because the antibodies from the first child are formed and they can cross the placenta in the second child |
| What is it called when an Rh- woman is having an Rh+ child and the antibodies formed are destroying the red blood cells of the child? | Erythroblastosis fatalis |
| How can erythroblastosis fatalis be prevented? | by rhogam shots that prevent the formation of the antibodies |
| why is it that there is not a problem with the Rh+ child until a second pregnancy? | because the antibodies did not form until the placenta was broken because blood is not mixed until then, but once the antibodies have formed they do not go away and will effect the next child |
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