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Phys. 5-test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is calcium stored and released? | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| What divides the reticulum into lateral sacs? | T-tubules |
| Contractile units of the muscle fiber | sarcomere |
| Cross bridge cycle | (4) 1. ATP binds to myosin 2. myosin attaches to actin 3. power stroke 4. detachment and attachment of another ATP |
| What components of the sarcomere dissapear after full contraction? | H-zone and I-band |
| What initiates muscle contraction? | Calcium binds to troponin |
| Point at which the nerve enters the whole muscle | motor point |
| What picks up the transmitted AP from the sarcolemma? | T-tubules |
| All neuro-muscular junctions are what? | excitatory |
| From EPP to contraction lasts how long? | 10 msec. (electrical activity) |
| From contraction to relaxation last how long? | 100 msec. (mechanical activity) |
| What drug occupies ACH receptors? | arrow poison (curare) |
| What drug destroys ACH-esterase | nerve gas |
| How does arrow poison cause death? | no muscle contraction because its an antagonist to ACH |
| How does nerve gas cause paralysis? | destroys ACH-esterase and causes continuous depolarization at the junction |
| What block releases ACH and causes no muscle contraction? | botulin toxin |
| What drug competes for calcium channels in axon terminal and prevents muscle contraction? | magnesium sulfate |
| Most important skeletal muscle | diaphragm |
| What factors influce EMG? | frequency and strenghth of stimulus |
| What determines spatial summation? | strength of stimulus |
| What determines temporal summation? | frequency of stimulus |
| Isotonic contraction | muscle shortens and pulls on the bone to produce movement; tension remains constant; example: knee bending |
| Isometric contraction | minimal or no shortening of the muscle; energy is expended and tension in the muscle increases; example: pushing against a wall |
| What causes rigor mortis? | happens after death due to lack of ATP |
| What is myasthenia gravis? | autoimmune disease in which antibodies bind and block ACH receptors; results in weak contraction |
| What is poliomyelitis? | Viral disease; destroys somatic motor neuron cell body; results in denervation and muscle atropy |
| Muscular dystrophy and muliple sclerosis | demylelinating and autoimmune diseases |
| Types of skeletal muscles | oxidative slow fibers (Type 1), oxidative fast fibers (Type IIA), glycolytic fast fibers (Type IIB) |
| What is the classification of muscle is mainly based on what? | velocity of contraction and enzyme activity involved in ATP production |
| Chain of increase of ATP production | 1. phosphagen 2. anaerobic 3. aerobic 4. oxidative phosphorylation (most ATP) |
| What activity produces lactic acid? | short duration/high intensity |
| What activity depletes energy metabolites? | long duration/low intensity |
| What is oxygen debt? | extra oxygen used by fatigued muscles to burn off lactic acid |
| Oxidative fibers are preferred for what activity? | endurance activities |
| glycolytic fibers aer preferred for what activity? | powerful activities |
Created by:
kcapland
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