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Phys3 Repro Phys
Phys3 Reproductive Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary regulator of GnRH sectretion in males? | Testosterone (long feebback loop) |
| Primary regulator of GnRH secretion in females? | Estrogen/progesterone (long feedback loop) |
| Primary role of the male gonads | (testes) Produce: 1.Gametes (temperature dependent). 2.Testosterone (NOT temperature dependent). |
| Male Accessory sex glands | 1.Seminal vesicles. 2.Ejaculatory duct. 3.Prostate. 4.Bulbourethral gland. 5.Ductus Deferens. 6.Epididymis |
| How do the testes maintain a temperature a few degrees lower than body temp for gamete formation? | 1.Dartos M in scrotum (contracted in cold:limits sweat glands, relaxed in heat:maximizes sweat glands in scrotal tissue). 2.Cremaster M (raised testes:cold, lowers testes:hot). 3.Pampiniform plexus (cools arterial BL as it enters testes). |
| A problem with dartos muscle, cremaster muscle, or pampiniform plexus can lead to what? | Infertility |
| How are seminiferous tubules advantageous for gamete production? | They maximize the space within the testes for sperm development. |
| Where are the Leydig cells? what do they produce? | 1.Located in the interstitial space outside the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. 2.Produce testosterone in response to LH. |
| How does LH cause production of testosterone in the Leydig cells? | activates cAMP which Increases the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone. **Pregnenolone is then converted into Testosterone. |
| What stimulates the Sertoli cells? What do they produce? | FSH. It activates cAMP which increases the conversion of testosterone (from leydig cell) into Estrodiol. |
| How is spermiogenesis advantageous to fertility? | It adjusts the sperm to be structured for their function: 1.Elongation of flagella tail. 2.Inc Mitochondria for movement. 3.small nucleus with DNA. |
| What is Primary role of the female gonad? | (Ovaries containing the follicles) Produce: 1.gametes (oocytes). 2.Estrogen & Progesterone. |
| Primary hormone secreted in the follicular phase? | Estradiol. |
| What causes the Gonadotrophin surge? | At a high threshold, Estradiol switches from being feedback inhibitory to feedback stimulatory on hypothalamus. **Leads to Large spike in LH & FSH (ovulation). |
| Primary hormone produced in the Luteal phase? | Progesterone. **Prepares the endometrium for egg/zygote implantation. |
| Follicular development: Thecal cells | Contain vasculature and develop outside the basement membrane |
| Follicular development: Granulosa cells | Develop inside the BM and produce the antrum to allow diffusion of nutrients and waste to&from the oocyte & thecal vasculature. |
| Follicular development: Cumulous cells | Granulosa cells that are closely related to oocyte. |
| What are the steroid producing cells in the female? | 1.Thecal cells (LH causes production of Androgens/testosterone). 2.Granulosa cells (LH & FSH produce progesterone & Estradiol). |
| How is the corpus luteum formed? | By the follicular fluid evacuating the follicle after the ovulation has occured. **Secretes progesterone |
| LH's affect on Granulosa cells? FSH's affect? | 1.LH: converts cholesterol into Progesterone (via cAMP). 2.FSH: converts testosterone (from thecal cell) into Estradoil. **Granulosa cell can only produce Progestins by itself. Thecal only produce androgens |
| When is female body temperature highest? | During Progesterone peak (luteal phase post ovulation). |
| How does Estradiol secretion impact the ampulla of the oviduct? | Ciliogenesis in order to aid in the movement of the egg down the oviduct. **(during follicular phase PRE-ovulation). |
| How does Progesterone secretion impact the ampulla of the oviduct? | Causes nutritional secretion from the peg cells in order to provide nutrients from the egg incase it is fertilized in the oviduct. **(during luteal phase POST-ovulation). |
| How does Estradiol secretion affect the endometrial lining? | It causes the early proliferative phase. **Follicular phase, Pre-ovulation. |
| How does Progesterone secretion affect the endometrial lining? | It causes the secretory phase in order to support embryo development. **Luteal phase, Post-ovulation. |
| Estradiol's affect on cervix | Inc watery mucous production to aid in the sperm's movement up the cervical canal. "FERNING" **Follicular phase, Pre-ovulation. |
| Progesterone's affect on cervix | Decreases watery mucous production and causes secretion of a viscous mucous creating a preventative plug in the cervical canal. **Luteal phase, Post-ovulation. |
| Estradiol's affect on vagina | Inc glycogen deposits in epithelial cells. **Follicular phase, Pre-ovulation. |
| Progesterone's affect on vagina | Inc "desquamation" or slaughing of squamous cells. Leads to metabolization of glycogen by bacterial cells creating an acidic environment. **Luteal phase, Post-ovulation. |
| Estradiol's affect on breast | Fat deposition & duct development. **Follicular phase, Pre-ovulation |
| Progesterone's affect on breast | Alveolar development (hypertrophy of secretory cells), duct branching. **Luteal phase, Post-ovulation. |
Created by:
WeeG
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