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Intro To Computer
Chapter 1-2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Computer | Is a programmable electronic device that accepts data input, performs processing operations on that data, and outputs and stores the results. |
| Input | The process of entering data into a computer; can also refer to the data itself. |
| Processing | Performing operations on data that has been input into a computer to convert that input to output. |
| Output | The process of presenting the results of processing; can also refer to the results themselves. |
| Storage Operations | The operation of saving data, Programs, or output for future use. |
| The Primary four operations of a computer. | Input; Processing; Output; Storage |
| Communications | the transmission of data from one device to another. |
| Data | Raw unorganized Facts |
| Process | To modify Data |
| information | Data that has been processed into meaningful form. |
| Hardware | The physical parts of a computer |
| Software | Programs or instructions used to tell the computer what to accomplish tasks. |
| End User | A person who uses a computer to perform tasks or obtain information. |
| Cloud computing | To use data, applications, and resources stored on computers accessed over the internet rather than on the user's computer. |
| Embedded computer | Tiny computer embedded in a product and designed to perform specific tasks or functions for that product. |
| Mobile Device | A very small communications Device with built in computing or internet capability. |
| Desktop computer | A personal computer designed to fit on or next to a desk. |
| Personal Computer (PC) | A type of computer based on a microprocessor and designed to be used by one person at a time. |
| Portable computer | A small personal computer designed to be carried around easily. |
| Notebook Computer (laptop) | A small personal computer designed to be carried around easily. |
| Tablet Computer | A portable computer about the size of a notebook that is designed to be used with an electronic pen. |
| Net book | A very small notebook computer. (No cd rom) |
| Ultra-Mobile PC UMPC | A portable personal computer that is small enough to fit in one hand. |
| Dumb Terminal | A computer that must be connected to a network to perform processing or storage tasks. |
| Thin Client | A personal computer designed to access a network for processing and data storage instead of performing those tasks locally. |
| Internet Appliance | A specialized network computer designed primarily for internet access and/or email exchange. |
| Midrange server | A medium-sized computer used to host programs and data for a small network. |
| Virtualization | The creation of virtual versions of a computer resource. |
| Main Frame Computer | A computer used in large organizations that manage large amounts of centralized data and run multiple programs simultaneously. |
| Super Computer | The fastest most expensive and most powerful type of computer. |
| Supercomputing cluster. | A supercomputer composed of numerous smaller computers connected together to act as a single computer. |
| Network | Comptuers and other devices that are connected to share hardware, software, and data. |
| Internet | The largest and most well-known computer network, linking millions of computers over the world |
| Internet Service Provider ISP | A business or other organization that provides internet access to others, typically for a fee. |
| World Wide Web WWW | the collection of web pages available through the internet. |
| Web Page | A document located on a webserver |
| Website | A collection of related webpages |
| Web server | A program used to view webpages |
| Internet Address | An address that identifies a computer, person, or webpage on the internet, such as an IP address, domain name, or email address. |
| Ip Address | A numeric internet address used to uniquely identify a computer on the internet |
| Domain name | A text-based internet address used to uniquely identify a computer on the internet. |
| uniform Resource Locator URL | An internet address that uniquely identifies the webpage. |
| Email address | An internet address consisting of a username and computer domain name that uniquely identifies a person on the internet. |
| username | A name that uniquely identifies a user on a specific computer network |
| Top level domains TLDS | .com, .edu, .org |
| Intellectual property rights | The legal rights to which creators of original creative works are entitled. |
| Copyright | the legal right to sell, publish, or distribute an original artistic or literary work; it is held by the creator of a work as soon as it exists in physical form. |
| Fair use | Permits limited duplication and use of a portion of copyrighted material for specific purposes, such as criticism, commentary, news reporting, teaching, and research. |
| Digital Watermark | A subtle alteration of digital content that identifies the copyright holder. |
| Digital Rights Management DRM | Software used to protect and manage the rights of creators of digital content. |
| Trademark | A word, phrase, symbol, or design that identifies good or services. |
| Plagiarism | Presenting someone elses work as yours. |
| Ethics | Overall standards of moral conduct |
| Computer Ethics | Standards of moral conduct as they relate to computer use. |
| Business ethics | Standards of moral conduct that guide a business's policies, decisions, and actions. |
| Repetitive Stress Injury RSI | A type of injury , such as carpal tunnel syndrome, that is caused by performing the same physical movements over and over again. |
| Carpal Tunnel syndrome CTS | A painful and crippling condition affecting the hands and wrists that can be caused by computer use. |
| DeQuervain's tendonitis | A condition in which the tendons on the thumb side of the wrists are swollen and irritated. |
| Green computing | The use of computers in an environmentally friendly manner |
| Eco-Label | A certification, usualy issued by a government agency, that identifies a device as meeting min environmental performance specifications. |
| ergonomics | The science of fitting a work environment to the people who work there. |
| E-trash | Electronic Trash or waste, such as discarded computer components. |
| Bit | The smallest unit of data that a binary computer can recognize. |
| Byte | Eight Bits grouped together |
| File | A named collection of bytes that represent virtually any type of data. |
| 1 KB Kilobyte | 1,024 Bytes |
| 1 MB Megabyte | 1 million Bytes |
| 1 GB Gigabyte | 1 Billion Bytes |
| 1 TB Terabyte | 1 Trillion Bytes |
| 1 PB Petabyte | 1,000 TB |
| 1 EB Exabyte | 1,000 PB |
| 1 ZB Zettabyte | 1,000 Exabytes |
| 1 YB Yottabyte | 1,000 Zetabytes |
| System Unit | The main case of a computer |
| Circuit board | A thin board containing computer chips and other electronic components. |
| Computer Chip | A very mall piece of silicon or other semiconducting material that contains integrated circuits (ICs) and transistors |
| Motherboard | The main Circuit board in the system unit |
| Port | A connector on the exterior of the system unit case that is used to connect to an external hardware device |
| Central Processing unit CPU or Processor | The chip located on the motherboard of a computer that performs the processing for a computer. |
| Multi-core CPU | a Cpu that contains the processing components or cores of multiple independent processor in a single CPU |
| Clock Speed | A measurement of the nubmer of instructions that a CPU can process per second |
| Word | The amount of data (measured in Bits or Bytes) that a CPU can manipulate at one time. |
| Cache Memory | A group of very fast memory circuitry located on or close to the cpu to speed up processing. |
| Memory | Chips located inside the system unit used to store data and instructions while its working on them. |
| RAM Random Access Memory | Memory used to store data and instructions while processing them. |
| Register | High Speed memory built into the cpu |
| ROM (read-only memory) | Nonvolatile chips on the motherboard that permanently store data or programs. |
| Flash Memory | Nonvolatile memory ships that can be used for storage by the computer or the user. |
| Bios basic input/output system | The sequence of instructions the computer follows during boot process |
| Expansion slots | A location on the motherboard into which an expansion card is inserted to connect it to the motherboard. |
| Expansion card (interface card) | A circuit board used to give desktop computers additional capabilities |
| Bus | An electronic Path over which data travels. |
| Throughput (bandwith) | the amount of data that can be transferred via the bus in a given time period. |
| Expansion bus | A bus on the motherboard used to connect a peripheral devices. |
| Universal Serial Bus USB | A versatile bus architecture widely used for connecting peripherals. |
| Firewire (IEEE1394) | A high speed bus standard used to connect devices particularly multimedia devices like dig cameras. |
| Transistors | A device mad of semiconductor material that control the flow of electrons inside a chip |
| arithmetic/logic unit ALU | the part of the cpu core that performs logical operations and integer arithmetic. |
| Floating Pint Unit FPU | The part of the CPU core that performs decimal arithmetic. |
| Control unit | The part of a cpu core that coordinates its operations. |
| Prefetch Unit | The part of the CPU core that attempts to retrieve data and instructions before they are needed for processing in order to avoid delays. |
| Decode Unit | The part of the CPU core that translates instructions into a form that can be processed by the ALU and FPU. |
| Bus Interface Unit | The section of the CPU core that allows the core to communicate with other CPU components. |
| System Clock | A small quartz crystal located on the motherboard that synchronizes the computers operations. |
| machine cycle | the series of steps performed by the computer when the CPU processes a single piece of microcode. |
| Storage Medium | The hardware where data is actually stored. |
| Storage Device | the hardware where a storage medium is ready form or written to. |
| Harddrive | Hardware used to store most programs and data on a computer. |
| Magnetic Hardrive | a harddive consisting of one or more metal magnetic disks permanently sealed, with an access mechanism and read/write heads, inside its drive. |
| track | A concentric ring on the surface of a hard drive where data is recorded |
| sector | a pie shaped section on the service of a hardrive |
| cluster | The smallest storage area on a hard disk formed by one or more sectors. |
| Cylinder | The collection of tracks located in the same location on a set of hard disk surfaces. |
| Solid state drive | HD that uses flash memory Media |
| Disk Access time | the total time that it takes for a hardrive to read or write data. |
| Disk Cache | Memory used in conjunction with a magnetic hardrive to improve system performance. |
| Hybrid harddrive | A combo of flash memory and magnetic HD |
| Optical disc | a storage medium in the shape of a think circular disc made out of poly carbonate substrate read from and written to using a laser beam. |
| Optical Drive | A drive designed to read optical discs. |
| Flash Card | A small rectangular flash memory medium |
| USB Flash drive | Flash drive in a USB form |
| Remote Storage | a storage device that is not connected directly to the user's computer. |
| Network attached storage | High performance storage server connected individually to a network to provide storage for computers on that network |
| Storage area Network SAN | A network of harddrives or other storage devices the provide storage for another network |
| Cloud / online storage | Storage online/ via internet accessed |
| Smart Card | A credit card sized piece of plastic that contains a chip and computer and circuitry that can store data. |
| Storage server | A storage device containing multiple high-speed harddrives connected to the computer system or network. |
| RAID Redundant array of independent disks | A method of storing data on two or more harddrives that work together. |
| Magnetic tape | storage media consisting of plastic tape coated with magnetizable substance. |
| input device | any piece of equipment that is used to enter data |
| Dots Per inch DPI | a measurement of resolution that indicates the quality of an image or output. |
| RFID Radio Frequency identification | a technology that can store, read and transmit data in RFID Tags |
| RFID Tag | A tiny chip and radio antenna attached to an object so it can be identified using RFID Technology |
| CRT Monitor | A display device that uses cathode-ray tube technology |
| Flat Plane | slim display device that uses electronically charged chemicals or gases to display images. |
| LCD Liquid Crystal Display | A type of flat panel display that uses charged liquid crystals. |
| LED Light Emitting Diode | A common flat panel technology |
| Organic LED OLED | Flat panel organic mat to display. |
| Interferometric Modulator Display | A flat panel display tech that uses external light to display images. |
| Plasma | layer of gas between two plates of glass instead of liquid crystals. (DISPLAY) |
| Pixel | The smallest Colorable areas on a device. |
| Surface conduction electron Emitter Display SED | HD Tech that is in development. |
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