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Chapter 4-5 Anatomy
Metabolism, Nutrition, Tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reactions that break down Molecules | Catabolism |
| Reactions that combine Molecules | Anabolism |
| ATP loses a phosphate | Adenosine Diphosphate |
| Oxidation | The removal of electrons |
| Reduction | Addition of electrons |
| a Derivative of riboflavin | FAD |
| Glycogenisis is NOT | one way to make glucose |
| The synthesis of triglycerides | Lipogenesis |
| Reaction that oxidizes acetyl CoA to produce carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH+H+, and FADH2. | Krebs Cycle |
| Glycolysis, fomation of acetyl CoA, Krebs cycles and the electron transport chain are all involved in: | Glocose catabolism |
| This is the key regulator of the rate of glycolysis. | Phosphofructokinase |
| Where can pyruvate dehydrogenase be found? | Mitochondria |
| Most abundant product of Krebs Cycle is: | Reduced coenzymes |
| Net result of the complete oxidation of glucose does NOT include: | Oxygen |
| Accumulation of a large amount of H+ between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes is described as: | Chemiosmosis |
| How many ATPs can come from a substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis? | Two |
| What hormone stimulates glycogenesis? | Insulin |
| What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis? | Cortisol |
| Glycogenolysis is _______ and is stimulated by ______ | Catabolic, Epinephrine |
| Thyroid hormones: | Promote glycolysis |
| Where does glycolysis take plase? | Cytosol |
| Where does the Krebs Cycle take place? | Mitochondria |
| Lipogenesis occurs when | More calories are consumed than required for ATP need |
| Excess amino acids in the body are converted into | Glucose |
| Liver cells convert: | Ammonia into urea |
| Glucose-6-phosphate | Everything |
| What is used in "metabolic crossroads"? | Pyruvic acid |
| These can enter Krebs or be used for ATP production | Keto acids |
| Cardiac muscles can produce ATP from | Lactic Acid |
| The most dramatic metabolic change that occurs with fasting is increase in: | Lipolysis |
| This is a mechanism of heat transfer that involves direct contact. | Conduction |
| The higher the relative humidity the lower the rate of: | Evaporation |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the: | Hypothalamus |
| Neuropeptide Y stimulates | Food intake |
| Which of the following is not a major nutrient the body needs? | Glycogen |
| Building blocks of vitamins are | Provitamins |
| Which is a fat-soluble vitamin? | Vitamin E |
| Antioxidant vitamins | Can inactivate oxygen free radicals |
| What is not one of the main tissue types found in the human body? | Myocardial |
| These types of cell junctions anchor adjacant cells together and resist their separation during contractile activities. | adherens junctions and desmosomes |
| The thin extracellular layer, consisting of the basal and reticular lamina that anchors epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue is called the? | basement membrane |
| Epithelial tissue | EVERYTHING! |
| This type of epithelial tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. | simple squamous |
| This type of epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin | stratified squamous |
| This type of epithelial tissue lines the ducts of sweat glands and esophageal glands. | Statified cuboidal |
| This type of epithelial tissue lines the fallopian tubes, uterus, and some bronchioles of the respiratory tract. | simple columnar |
| in which of the following locations would you most likely find transitional epithelial cells? | lining of the urinary bladder |
| what glands are categorized by whether their ducts are branched or unbranched? | multicellular exocrine glands |
| This type of multicellular exocrine gland has a branched rounded secretory part attached to a single unbranched duct and is found mainly in sebaceous glands. | simple branched acinar gland |
| simple tubular exocrine glands have | a straight tubular secretory portion attached to a single unbranched duct. |
| functional classification of exocrine glands is based on | how the glands release its secretory product |
| This type of exocrine gland accumulates its secretory product in the cytosol of its cells until the cell ruptures and becomes part of the secretory product. | Holocrine |
| The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of | protein fibers and ground substance. |
| Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue? | Epidermis |
| This component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers, and functions to support and bind cells in the tissue together. | Ground substance |
| which of the following is a polysaccharide commonly found in the ground substance of connective tissues? | Hyaluronic acid |
| which of the following types of fibers are commonly found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue? | EVERYTHING! |
| Reticular fibers in soft organs like the spleen and liver form a supporting framwork called the | Stroma |
| Which of the following is classified as loose connective tissue? | Areolar connective tissue |
| which of the following is a location where adipose tissue is commonly found? | subcutaneous layer deep to the skin |
| the main function of dense regular connective tissues is | providing strong attachment between structures like muscle and bones |
| the pubic symphysis and interverterbral discs are composed of this type of connective tissue | fibrocartilage |
| what is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue? | osteon |
| spongy bone tissue lacks | osteons |
| the extracellular matrix of blood tissue consists of: | plasma |
| which membrane in the human body does NOT contain epithelial tissue? | Synovial membrane |
| this type of membrane lines a body cavity that does not open directly tot he exterior and the organs contained in that body cavity. | Serous membrane |
| Which of the following types of tissues is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body | cardiac muscle |
| which of the following types of tissues is made up of small spindle-shaped cells and is commonly found in the walls of hollow organs? | smooth muscle |
| which cells are considered excitable cells because they are able to produce electrical signals? | myofibers and neurons. |
| What term is used to describe a decrease in the size of cells within a tissue or organ that ultimately results in reduction in the overall size of the tissue or organ? | Atrophy |
| which of the following is a term used to describe an increase in the size of a tissue that is the result of an increase in the size, not number, of cells in that tissue? | hypertrophy |
| Mucus-secreting cells found distributed among the simple columnar epithelial linings of the gastrointestinal and respiratory system are called? | goblet cells |
| flat sheets of pliable tissue that covers or lines a part of the body are called | membranes |
| the two principal types of cells found in nervous tissues are | neuroglial cells and neurons |
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