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Typography-MU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Serif Stroke | Bottom stroke |
| Bracketing | The transition between the stem and the serif strokes |
| Bracketed Serif | A serif in which the transition from the stem stroke to the serif stroke is one continuous curve; a serif may have differing degrees of bracketing |
| Cupped Serif | The part of a serif that is arched in the center and touches the base in line two points. This is graceful, subtle detail of Old Style Fonts |
| Serif | A stroke crossing the main terminals of a character and extending beyond main stroke; believed to be residuals of chisel-cut letters in ancient Rome |
| Pointed Serif | A serif in which terminates in a sharp point |
| Sans Serif | (Without) |
| Horizontal Terminal | The end of a stroke of a letter that is parallel to the baseline; usually seen on sans serif fonts |
| Vertical Terminal | The end of a letter stroke that is 90 degrees to the baseline |
| Terminal | The end of a stem stroke of a character; different types; sheared, straight, acute, horizontal, ball, convex, concave, rounded, flared, hooked, tapered and pointed |
| X-Height, Waist line or Mean line | This line defines the height of the body of the lowercase letters. The lowercase x is used to determine this line because it meets the waistline at two flat areas |
| Baseline | This is the line on which the bases of all the letters align |
| Body Height | The distance from the base line to the x-height line |
| Vertical Stress | The direction of the thickened area in a curved stroke of a Roman face initially caused by a flat pen held at a constant angle when making a curved stroke. The thickest point is the "maximum stress" |
| Biased Stress | The direction of the thick strokes and curves in a typeface is called either biased, oblique or slanted. The biased stress of italic faces is usually at a greater angle than Roman faces |
| Open Counter | A partially enclosed space within a character that is open on one end; for example, the white space in a "c,h,m,n,u,v,w or y" |
| Crotch | The interior space formed by the joint of two strokes of a character, as in a "K,L,M,N,V,W,X,Y or Z" an acute crotch is less than 90 degrees, obtuse is more than 90 degrees |
| Closed Counter Space | The enclosed area formed within a bowl of a letter, for example in an "a,b,d,g,o,p, or q" |
| Closed Bowl | The curved stroke that makes a fully enclosed space with a character, the curved stroke meets the stem; for example in an "a,b,B,d,D,g,p,P,R, or q" |
| Open Bowl | The curved stroke that makes a partially enclosed space within a character, the curve does not meet with the stem completely |
| Apex | The upper point of letters with an ascending pointed form- this point usually extends past the top line, examples of different types; rounded, pointed, hallowed, flat, extended |
| Example of hallowed apex... | Adobe Garmond Pro |
| Vertex | The downward pointing, free-ending juncture of two angled stems; the point touches just below the baseline. Examples of different types: rounded, pointed, hallow, flat, extended, found on the letters "w" and "v" |
| Arm | The horizontal or diagonal upward-sloping stroke that attaches to the stem and is free on one end |
| Leg | The downward angled stroke that is attached to the stem on one end and is free on the other terminal end |
| Ears | The small terminal stroke (something rounded or tear-dropped) projecting from the top of lowercase Roman "g,r,f, and a" |
| Spur | The nodule descending from the vertical stroke of an uppercase "G"; it connects the straight to the curved stroke but is separated from both |
| Cross Stroke | A horizontal stroke that connects two other strokes of the letter; a cross bar is intersected on both ends |
| Cross Bar | A horizontal stroke that connects two other strokes of the letter; intersected on both sides |
| Loops | The lower portion of the Roman lowercase"g" distinguished from the bowl |
| Tail | Extended stroke from the letter "Q" |
| Link | The stroke that connects the loop of the lowercase "g" to the bowl |
| Eye | The enclosed counter from the lowercase "e", it can be fully or partially enclosed counter |
| Spine | The graceful, central curving stroke of the letter "s", which is bolder in fronts with stroke differentiation of stem and hairline strokes |
| Shoulder | A curved stroke that is continuous with a straight stem, not a bowl; examples: "C,or G"bottom of "j,g,t,f, and u" as well as the top of the "a" |
| Swash | A decorative flourish used to accent a character, usually at the beginning or end of a word. Can be curled, twisted, or graceful extensions added to letters to call attention to it |
| Flags | The small swash-like strokes used on calligraphic fonts to add flourish to the vertical strokes |
| Beaks | A half serif at the end of the horizontal arms of the "E,F,L,T, or Z" |
| Barbs | A half serif at the end of the curved strokes of a "C,G, or S" |
| Terminal | The end of a stroke of a character; different types: sheared, straight, acute, horizontal, ball, convex, concave, flared, hooked, tapered, and pointed |
| Ascender Line or Cap Line | The line that the caps and ascenders touch (Sometimes these two lines are the same; sometimes, as in Old Style fonts, the caps are smaller than the ascenders) lower case |
| Baseline | The line along which the bases of the letters align |
| Descender Line | The line in which the descenders of a font touch |
| Point Size | Is measured from the ascender line to the descender line. It includes the body of the letter as well as the ascenders and descenders |
| Typeface | Is a collection of characters-letters, numbers, symbols, punctuation, etc. |
| Cookie | Typeface |
| Font | Is a physical thing (Computer code, Photographic film, Metal) |
| Cookie Cutter | Font |
| Change from nomadic to agriculturally based societies | 8000BC |
| Simplified drawings of objects, Pictographs | Appropriate for nouns, communicate visually, simple drawing of everyday objects |
| Pictographs to ideographs | Concepts other than nouns, developed by egyptians, interpreted with knowledge |
| Rebuses | Pictographs of short words put together to sound out louder words. Bee+Tray=Betray |
| Phoenician alphabet | Earliest alphabet, needed to simplified writing form, using symbols for each sound developed their alphabet |
| 1600 BC (Phoenician alphabet) | New concept in written communication |
| Greek alphabet | Adapted from Phoenician alphabet 1000 BC, became a means of preserving knowledge. Took Phoenician letters to make their own, no vowels, only constants |
| 403 BC (Greek alphabet) | Added 5 vowels by Athens |
| 500 BC (Greek alphabet) | Left to right writing |
| Roman alphabet | Adopted and modified Greek alphabet |
| 13 letters accepted and unchanged | Roman alphabet- A,B,E,H,i,k,m,n,o,T,x,y,z |
| 8 letters revised | Roman alphabet- C,D,G,L,P,R,S,V |
| 2 letters added | Roman alphabet-F,Q |
| 23 letters are all that were needed for ... | Latin |
| Dropped 3 letters | Alpha, Beta, Gamma (ABC) |
| 1000 U and W were added, 500 years later... | J was added |
| Lower case letters | Minishcule |
| Capital letters | Magischule |
| Added in the 15th century with the invention of printing | Punctuation |
| Scale | Relationship among elements within a composition or hierarchy |
| Type crime | Minimal differences in type size |
| Scale contrast | difference in sizes (mix styles inspired within the same family) |
| Trilogy | A "super family" with sans, Egyptian and fatface styles inspired by 19th century advertising |
| Leading | The space between rows of type |
| Set solid | Same numbers |
| Body copy is... | Hard to read |
| Headline copy is... | Easy to read |
| Complex | Experimenting with line spacing |
| Hanging quotes | Outside the paragraph |
| River | White space running through text |
| Repagination | Moving letters around |
| Capitals stack more comfy than... | Lowercase |
| Moveable type | Each letter made of lead or wood |
| On the web, paragraphs are usually... | Marked with a skipped line |
| ITC | International Type Company (Corporation) |
| Width of text is normally... | 45 to 75 characters |
| En dash | Used with numbers |
| Em dash | Used when finishing a thought |
| Tracking | Space between all characters |
| Kerning | Creating an even amount of space between characters |
Created by:
M.koch
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