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20th Cent. Composers
20th Century Composers.
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1882-1971 | Igor Stravinsky |
Studied under Rimsky-Korsakov | Stravinsky |
The Firebird ballet | Stravinsky |
Petrushka (ballet) | Stravinsky |
The Rite of Spring | Stravinsky |
one of his pieces incited a riot | Stravinsky (The Rite of Spring) |
Symphony of Psalms | Stravinsky |
Moved to Hollywood in 1940 | Stravinsky |
The Rake's Progress (opera) | Stravinsky |
Wrote an opera with libretto by W.H. Auden | Stravinsky |
Adopted twelve-tone system and composed the ballet Argon | Stravinsky |
Scherzo fantastique; Fireworks (orchestral works) | Stravinsky |
The Soldier's Tale (after World War I) | Stravinsky |
Rag-time; Piano Rag-Music | Stravinsky |
comic opera Mavra | Stravinsky |
Oedipus Rex; Persephone; Apollo (written for George Balanchine) | Stravinsky |
friends with Robert Craft | Stravinsky |
Buried in Venice (near Diaghliev's grave) | Stravinsky |
1874-1951 | Arnold Schoenberg |
Austrian pioneer of dodecaphony (twelve-tone system) | Schoenberg |
influenced by Wagner and Richard Strauss | Schoenberg |
Transfigured Night (for strings) | Schoenberg |
Sprechstimme | halfway between singing and speaking (German for "speech voice") |
Pierrot lunaire (a Sprechstimme piece) | Schoenberg |
his students: Alban Berg and Anton Webern | Schoenberg |
Moved from Berlin to L.A. in 1933 | Schoenberg |
A Survivor from Warsaw | Schoenberg |
Moses and Aaron (uncompleted opera) | Schoenberg |
taught at University of California at Los Angeles from 1936 to 1944 | Schoenberg |
String Trio | Schoenberg |
1913-1976 | Benjamin Britten |
Reviver of the opera in the U.K. | Britten |
Peter Grimes (story of a fisherman who kills two of his apprentices) | Britten |
Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge (his composition teacher) | Britten |
wrote incidental music for works by his friend W.H. Auden | Britten |
worked with the tenor Peter Pears | Britten |
Founded the Aldeburgh Festival of Music | Britten |
Billy Budd; The Turn of the Screw; Death in Venice (operas) | Britten |
The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra | Britten |
War Requiem (based on poems by Wilfred Owen) | Britten |
Britten's first opera | Paul Bunyan |
The Rape of Lucretia; Alvert Herring | Britten |
based on part of The Borough by George Crabbe | Peter Grimes (by Britten) |
A Midsummer Night's Dream; Gloriana (to commemorate the coronation of Elizabeth II); Owen Wingrave | Britten |
Noye's Fludde; The Prodigal Son | Britten |
Elizabeth II made him Baron ____ of Aldeburgh | Britten |
1900-1990 | Aaron Copland |
first American student of Nadia Boulanger in Paris in the 1920s | Copland |
Organ Symphony; Music for the Theater | Copland |
El Salon Mexico | Copland |
Billy the Kid; Rodeo (ballets) | Copland |
Appalachian Spring (ballet featuring "Simple Gifts") | Copland |
Third Symphony (contains Fanfare for the Common Man) | Copland |
Lincoln Portrait (includes spken portions of Lincoln's writings) | Copland |
What to Listen For in Music (educational book) | Copland |
studied under Rubin Goldmark | Copland |
The Second Hurricane (opera for high school students) | Copland |
Of Mice and Men; Our Town (film scores) | Copland |
The Heiress (film score that won him the 1949 Academy Award for best dramatic film score) | Copland |
Connotations (commisioned for the opening of Lincoln Center in New York City); Inscape; Proclamation | Copland |
The New Music; Music and Imagination; ____ on Music (books) | Copland |
1891-1953 | Sergei Prokofiev |
First, or Classical Symphony | Prokofiev |
The Love for Three Oranges (opera) | Prokofiev |
Peter and the Wolf | Prokofiev |
Alexander Nevsky (cantata); Lieutenant Kije (suite) [film scores] | Prokofiev |
Died on the same day as Stalin, March 5 (outlived Stalin by a few hours) | Prokofiev |
Scythian Suite; The Prodigal Son | Prokofiev |
Chout (the Buffoon); Le Pas d'acier (The Steel Step) [ballets for Diaghilev] | Prokofiev |
Rome and Juliet (ballet); War and Peace (opera) | Prokofiev |
Censured for "excessive formalism" | Prokofiev |
Tale of a Real Man (opera) | Prokofiev |
His 7th Symphony won him the 1952 Stalin Prize | Prokofiev |
Died as rehearsals began for Tale of the Stone Flower (ballet) | Prokofiev |
1906-1975 | Dmitri Shostakovich |
The Nose; Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk (operas) | Shostakovich |
Leningrad Symphony | Shostakovich |
Received the Order of Lenin in 1956 | Shostakovich |
Awarded the Stalin prize several times; in 1966 became the first composer to receive the Hero of Socialist Labor award | Shostakovich |
Had a technical mastery of the orchestra; Used melodies reminscent of Gypsy (Romani) tunes popular in eastern Europe | Shostakovich |
1881-1945 | Bela Bartok |
Roamed the Hungarian countryside with Zoltan Kodaly, collecting peasant tunes | Bartok |
Duke Bluebeard's Castle (opera) | Bartok |
The Wooden Prince (ballet) | Bartok |
The Miraculous Mandarin (ballet) | Bartok |
Mikrokosmos | Bartok |
Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta | Bartok |
Kossuth (symphonic poem) | Bartok |
Concerto for Orchestra; Out of Doors | Bartok |
Dance Suite; Divertimento; Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion | Bartok |
1887-1954 | Charles Ives |
His father, George, was a local Connecticut businessman and bandleader | Ives |
Studied music at Yale, but turned to insurance sales | Ives |
His insurance firm was the largest in New York during the 1910s | Ives |
Second Piano (Concord) Sonata (with movements named after Emerson, Hawthorne, Alcott, and Thoreau) | Ives |
Three Places in New England | Ives |
Won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for his Third symphony | Ives |
"General William Booth Enters Into Heaven" (based on a poem by Vachel Lindsay) | Ives |
Variations on "America" (for organ) | Ives |
Holidays; Three Quarter-Tone Pieces; 114 Songs (symphonies) | Ives |
Essays Before a Sonata (writings) | Ives |
Married Harmony Twitchell | Ives |
1875-1937 | Maurice Ravel |
Rapsodie espagnole | Ravel |
Bolero | Ravel |
student of Gabriel Faure | Ravel |
Pavane for a Dead Princess | Ravel |
the French Conservatory overlooked him for the Prix de Rome four ties | Ravel |
Daphnis et Chloe (ballet) | Ravel |
Mother Goose; La Valse (ballet) | Ravel |
re-orchestrated Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition | Ravel |
his health declined after a 1932 taxi accident | Ravel |
unsuccessful brain surgery ended his life | Ravel |
Miroirs; Gaspard de la nuit | Ravel |
Fountains; Le Tombeau de Couperin; | Ravel |
The Child and the Enchantments | Ravel |
1898-1937 | George Gershwin |
worked with his older brother Ira | Gershwin |
Rhapsody in Blue | Gershwin |
Concerto in F for Piano and Orchestra | Gershwin |
Porgy and Bess (opera based on a story by DuBose Heyward) | Gershwin |
"Swanee" | Gershwin |
Of Thee I Sing (musical that was the first to win a Pulitzer Prize in drama [1931]) | Gershwin |
died of a brain tumor at age 38 | Gershwin |
Studied with Rubin Goldmark, Henry Cowell, Wallingford Rieger, and Joseph Schillinger | Gershwin |
George's White Sandals | Gershwin |
Lady Be Good | Gershwin |
Funny Face | Gershwin |
An American in Paris | Gershwin |
"The Man I Love"; "I Got Rhythm"; "Someone to Watch Over Me" | Gershwin |
1912-1992 | John Cage |
American student of Arnold Schoenberg and Henry Cowell | Cage |
Dada composer/aleatory or "chance" music | Cage |
Imaginary Landscape No 4 (used 12 radios tuned to different stations) | Cage |
4'33" (for piano) | Cage |
invented the "prepared piano" | Cage |
Credo in US | Cage |
collaborated with dancer Merce Cunningham | Cage |
Sonatas and Interludes (won him an award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and a Guggenheim Fellowship) | Cage |
Music of Changes (chance music, using the book I Ching, or Book of Changes) | Cage |
Silence (book that chronicled the development of his thinking) | Cage |
HPSCHD (collaboration with Lejaren Hiller) | Cage |
Renga (included drawings by Thoreau) | Cage |
Apartment House 1776 (mixed-media piece for musicircus-two orcehstras and four vocalists) | Cage |
Europeras 1/2 (his first opera) | Cage |
1872-1958 | Ralph Vaughan Williams |
Revived the Tudor style and folk traditions in English music | Vaughan Williams |
Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis | Vaughan Williams |
Second (London) Symphony | Vaughan Williams |
First (Sea) Symphony; Third (Pastoral) Symphony; Seventh (sinfonia antarctica) | Vaughan Williams |
The Lark Ascending (based on a poem by George Meredith) | Vaughan Williams |
Sir John in Love (Shakesperarean opera featuring Fantasia on Greensleeves) | Vaughan Williams |
Hugh the Drover (opera) | Vaughan Williams |
The Pilgrim's Progress (opera) | Vaughan Williams |
Studied with Max Bruch and Maurice Ravel | Vaughan Williams |
Served as a music editor for the English Hymnal (book, as well as Songs of Praise and The Oxford Book of Carols) | Vaughan Williams |
Benedicite (Blessed Be) | Vaughan Williams |
Job: A Masque of Dancing | Vaughan Williams |
a setting of Riders to the Sea (by J.M. Synge, an Irish playwright) | Vaughan Williams |
Conducted at the Leith Hill Music Festival from 1909 to 1953 | Vaughan Williams |
1873-1943 | Sergei Rachmaninoff |
Twice turned down conductorship of the Boston Symphony Orchestra | Rachmaninoff |
C-Sharp Minor Prelude | Rachmaninoff |
Treated by hypnosis in 1901 | Rachmaninoff |
Second Piano Concerto (known as Rocky II) | Rachmaninoff |
The Isle of the Dead (symphonic poem) | Rachmaninoff |
Moved to the U.S. in 1917 | Rachmaninoff |
Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini | Rachmaninoff |
Took piano from his cousin Aleksander Siloti (who took from Franz Liszt) | Rachmaninoff |
Also studied with Anton Arensky, Sergey Taneyev, and Peter Tchaikovsky | Rachmaninoff |
Aleko (opera) | Rachmaninoff |
2nd Trio elegiaque (written in memory of Tchaikovsky) | Rachmaninoff |
Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom | Rachmaninoff |
The Bells (choral symphony based on the poem by Poe) | Rachmaninoff |
All-Night Vigil (Vesper Mass) | Rachmaninoff |
Variations on a Theme of Corelli | Rachmaninoff |