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TCMPath1
TCM Pathology Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Qi | (Energy, vital force) Fundamental substance constituting the universe and the human body. |
| Western medicine based on | the cell |
| Chinese medicine based on | Qi |
| Outside forms of Qi | Qing, Gu, and Jing Qi |
| Inside forms of Qi | Zong, Wei, Ying, Yuan Qi |
| Qing Qi | Clean Qi (air drawn in from the Lungs) |
| Gu Qi | Food/Grain Qi (first stage in transformation of food and water into Qi by Spleen) |
| Jing Qi | Congenital/Pre-heavenly Essence aka (inherited from parents and stored in Kidneys, can be destroyed by stress) |
| Zong Qi | Gathering/Pectoral/Chest Qi (Qing + Gu Qi): Nourish and control (Heart: blood/vessels, Lung: controlling Qi and respiration) |
| Ying Qi | Nutritive Qi (more internal, refined Gu Qi): Nourish internal organs/whole body and produce/circulate blood (activated w/ acupuncture) |
| Wei Qi | Defensive/Protective Qi (more external, coarse Gu Qi): Protect, warm and control pores |
| Yuan Qi | Primary/Original/Essential Qi (Gu +Jing Qi): Root of life as fundamental force behind functional activities of all organs |
| Qi Functions (5) | Promoting, Warming, Defending, Checking (Controlling/Holding), Qi Hua (Transforming) |
| Promoting Function | Promotes the growth and development of the human body, physiological activities of the zang fu and meridians, circulation of blood and distribution of body fluid |
| Warming Function | Yang Qi warming the body |
| Defending Function | esp. Lung Qi protects body from exogenous pathogenic factors |
| Checking (Controlling/Holding) Function | Qi checks, controls, and holds certain bodily substances |
| Qi Hua (Transformation) Function | Multiple transformation processes take place to create Vital substances (Qi, Blood, Jing/Essence, Jin Ye/Body Fluids |
| Organ at center of Qi Circulation | LV |
| Organ at center of Blood Circulation | HT |
| SP/ST balance | SP sends Qi upward and ST sends Qi downward |
| LU/LV balance | LU descends Qi, LV ascends Qi |
| HT/KD balance | HT descends to warm, KD ascends to control HT fire |
| Deficient Type Pathologies (Xu) | Deficiency, Sinking, Collapse |
| Excess Type Pathologies (Shi) | Stagnation, Rebellion, Suffocation |
| Qi Deficiency Etiologies (5) | 1.Weakness after long illness, 2.Improper Diet/Poor Nutrition, 3.Emotional stress/Depression, 4.Excessive/Insufficient Physical movement, 5.Old Age |
| Qi Deficiency Clinical Manifestations (Big 5) | Pale complexion, Fatigue, Apathy, Dizziness, Spontaneous Sweating |
| LU Qi Deficiency | weak cough/voice, dyspnea, clear/thin phlegm, aversion to wind, catches colds easily |
| HT Qi Deficiency | palpitations, dyspnea, stifling chest sensations |
| SP Qi Deficiency | poor appetite, abdominal distention, loose stool, emaciation |
| KD Qi Deficiency | polyuria, incontinence, weakness of knees/lumbar region, poor hearing |
| Qi Deficiency Tongue/Pulse | Pale tongue w/ teeth marks, thin white coating and deficiency type pulse |
| Qi Deficiency Tx | Tonify Qi, Strengthen SP and ST, Acu: ST 36, Ren 17, Back Shu points, Front Mu points, Yuan source; Ginseng, Astragalus, Codonopsis |
| Qi Sinking | Qi flows downward due to weakness in holding/controlling ability of Qi (often occurs in middle Jiao involving SP) |
| Qi Sinking Clinical Manifestations | Big 5 +Organ prolapse (stomach, anus, uterus, kidney), diarrhea, incontinence, infertility |
| Qi Sinking Tx | Strengthen middle Jiao to raise Qi and Yang, Acu: ST 36, UB 20, Ren 6, DU 20; Astragalus, Ginseng |
| Qi Collapse | Terminal stage resulting from extreme Qi deficiency and exhaustion, where Qi escapes body and leads to prostration of Yang, syncope, or even death. |
| Qi Collapse Etiologies | aggravation of dz, severe vomiting/diarrhea, loss of blood, profuse sweating, severe infection, heart attack, internal organ failure |
| Qi Collapse Clinical manifestations | Cold sweating w/ ice cold hands/feet, feeble breathing, absence of thirst, incontinence, mental sxs, Eyes closed, mouth/hands open |
| Qi Collapse Tongue/Pulse | Pale/moist/short tongue, micro/fading pulse (fast/small) |
| Qi Collapse Tx | Restore Qi to rescue collapse, Acu: DU 26, DU 25; Ginseng, Aconite, |
| Qi Stagnation | occurs when qi in a certain portion of the body is congested/obstructed |
| Qi Stagnation organs | LU descends, ST descends, LV ascends |
| LV Functions | Maintains free flow of qi (physical/mental qi, regulates digestive/sexual function) and stores blood |
| LV stagnation affects (3 organs) | SP (emotional diarrhea-IBS), ST (nausea/vomiting), GB(GB congestion) |
| LV's sexual function | Releases egg (ovulation) and sperm (ejaculation) |
| Qi Stagnation Etiologies | Mental depression/Emotional stress, Improper diet (processed foods), pathogen obstruction (ex. cold invasion, dampness, injury) |
| Qi Stagnation Clinical Manifestations | Traveling/wandering (b/l) pain d/t functional problem (mental) and distention/swelling/mass (physical) |
| LU Qi Stagnation | Distention and fullness in chest, cough, asthma |
| ST Qi Stagnation | Pain/Distention in epigastrium, belching, borborygmus (Buffet) |
| LV Qi Stagnation | Pain/Distention in Hypochondrium (physical), Breast distention w/ PMS, cramping (sexual), Mood swings [anxiety, depression, anger] (mental) |
| LV Qi Stagnation (more) | Digestive: overact on SP/ST (diarrhea/IBS, n/v), and counteract on LU (cough, asthma) |
| Qi Stagnation Tongue/Pulse | relatively normal tongue/coating (ready to change), wiry pulse |
| Qi Stagnation Tx | Regulate LV to circulate Qi; Acu: 4 gates (LV3, LI4), Female 4 gates (GB34, SJ5), LV14 (front mu), R17, R12, R6 (SJ), LU7, LU1 (descending/dispersing); Chai hu (bupleurum), Bai shao (white peony), Zhi gan cao (baked licorice) |
| Qi Rebelling | Dysfunction of the descending nature of qi whereby the qi abnormally goes upward and disturbs the function of the zng fu organs. |
| Qi Rebelling Etiologies | Mental depression/Emotional stress, Improper diet (processed foods), pathogen obstruction (ex. cold invasion, dampness, injury) |
| LU Qi Rebelling | Cough, Wheezing, Hemoptysis |
| ST Qi Rebelling | Hiccups, Belching, Nausea, Vomiting, Hematemesis |
| LV Qi Rebelling (4) | LV Yang Rising/Heat/ Fire/Wind: Headache (behind eyes), dizziness/vertigo, syncope, coma |
| Qi Rebelling Tongue/Pulse | Dependent on presiding factor causing qi rebelling |
| Qi Rebelling Tx | Regulating and Descending Qi; Acu: UB13(back shu), LU7, ST36, P6 (nausea), LV14(front mu), LV2(descend LV Heat); Sheng jiang (ginger), Ma huang(ephedra)/bai guo(ginkgo seed)[descend LU qi], Tian ma [Descends LV Qi] |
| Qi Suffocation | Terminal stage of pathological changes that progress from extreme qi stagnation and rebelling. This state will immediately cause whole body qi stagnation, resulting in death. |
| Qi Suffocation Etiologies | Abrupt aggravation in acute/chronic disease, Stroke, Emotional shock, Severe asthma, Severe Vomiting |
| Qi Suffocation Clinical Manifestations | Loss of consciousness, Tightly closed hands/feet, Clenched jaw, Rattling in throat, No sweat and dry skin, Retention of urine, Constipation, Eyes open |
| Qi Suffocation Tongue/Pulse | Dependent on presiding factor causing suffocation, Pulse: Rolling and forceful pulse (will suddenly stop soon) |
| Qi Suffocation Tx | Open the orifices to rescue the spirit (wake up); Acu: Du 1, Ren 1 (revives from drowning), Jing well points (clears heat), Du 26; She Xiang (Musk), Su He Xiang (Styrax)-for cold sx |
| Blood | Vital nutrient, red substance circulating in vessels |
| Blood Composition | Ying (nutrient-SP) Qi, Water (body fluid-LU), Jing (essence-KD) |
| Blood Functions [2] | 1.Nourish/moisturize the body 2.Nourishes human mental activities (shen) |
| HT and Blood | HT dominates blood and vessels |
| SP and Blood | SP controls blood and keeps blood in vessels (prevents extravasation) |
| LV and Blood | LV stores blood and regulates its volume |
| KD and Blood | KD Jing promotes and reinforces blood |
| Blood Deficiency | Insufficient blood to nourish zang fu organs |
| Blood Deficiency (Internal Etiologies-poor production)[2] | Congenital Insufficiency (KD Xu), SP/ST Xu |
| Blood Deficiency (External Etiologies-lost/consumed)[5] | Acute/Chronic Hemorrhages, Prolonged Dz, Over Thinking, Blood Stagnation, Intestinal Parasites |
| Blood Deficiency Clinical Manifestation | 1Y,5P-Sallow complexion, Pale dry/non-shiny complexion, pale lips, pale conjunctiva, pale finger nails, pale tongue body (w/ white coating); thready/weak pulse |
| HT Blood Deficiency | Palpitations, Insomnia, Excessive dreaming, Poor memory/concentration |
| LV Blood Deficiency | Dizziness (w/ floaters, blurry/tired vision); spasms/numbness/tremors; oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea |
| Blood Deficiency Tx | Nourish blood, Tonify Qi to promote blood; Acu:SP 10, UB 17, HT 7, P 6, LV 8, UB 18); Dang gui (angelica) |
| Qi Xu vs. Yang Xu | Qi (PFADS, Fatigue, SOB, Loose Stool, incontinence) vs Yang (Pale/Swollen tongue, Cold) |
| Blood Xu vs. Yin Xu | Blood (1 Yellow/5 Pales, LV/HT, small/shiny tongue, thin/thready pulse) vs Yin (Hot flashes/night sweats/afternoon fever, malar flush, 5 center heat) |
| Blood Stagnation | Accumulation of blood in local area d/t hindrance in blood circulation or undispersed extravasation of blood. |
| Blood Stagnation Etiologies [5] | Qi Stagnation, Qi Deficiency, Blood Heat, Blood Cold, Trauma |
| Blood Stagnation Manifestations | Pricking/Cutting/Fixed Pain, Worse w/ pressure and at night, purplish color (clotted blood-purpura), tarry stools, dark complexion, dry/rough/lusterless skin, cyanosis of lips/fingernails, purplish varix, ammeorrhea |
| Blood Stagnation Tongue/Pulse | Dark, purple tongue/purpura; thready/choppy pulse |
| Blood Stagnation Tx | Circulate Blood/Move Qi to Disperse/Move stagnation |
| Blood Stagnation vs Qi Stagnation | Blood (Fixed sharp pain at night) vs Qi (Traveling dull/distended pain throughout day) |
| Blood Heat | Heat in the blood or heat w/ hemorrhaging |
| Hemorrhage Etiology (3) | Qi Xu (SP)-pale, clots, fatigue, heavy volume; Heat-fresh red, no clots, heavy volume; Blood Stagnation-Dark/purple, clots, pain |
| Blood Heat Etiology (2) | Endogenous heat in blood system or Exogenous pathogenic heat invading blood system |
| Endogenous Heat (3) | LV Qi obstruction → Fire (Stress/Emotions/Meds); ST Fire (Food, EtOH, Drugs); HT Fire (Emotions) |
| Exogenous Heat | Summer Heat, Damp Heat, Wind Heat, Fire, Virus/Bacteria/Fungi/Yeast |
| Blood Heat Manifestations | Hemoptysis, Hematemesis, Hematochezia, Hematuria, Epistaxis, Menorrhagia, Bruise |
| Excess (Shi) Heat | Fever/Hot Body/Constipation; Irritability/Restlessness/Delirium/Mania/Coma |
| Deficient (Xu) Heat | Night Sweats/Hot Flash/Malar Flush/Afternoon Fever/5Center Heat |
| Blood Heat → Wind | Tremors, Opisthotonos (rigid back), Convulsion |
| Blood HeatTongue/Pulse | Deep Red Tongue w/ Yellow (Shi) Coating or Mirror/No Coating (Xu); wiry/rapid |
| Blood Heat Tx | Cool Blood, Clear Heat |
| Blood Cold | Pathogenic cold invades body and accumulates in local area which leads to qi stagnation and blood stasis |
| Blood Cold Clinical Manifestations | Gnawing pain in hands/feet/lower abd. (relieved by warmth), pale/purplish skin, oligomenorrhea, dark purple blood flow w/ clots |
| Blood Cold Tongue/Pulse | Dark, pale tongue w/ white coating; Deep/Slow or Choppy |
| Blood Cold Tx | Warm meridians and eliminate cold, alleviate pain (moxibustion) |
| Qi and Blood Stagnation | LV Qi constrained d/t emotional changes/stress/pathogenic factors invading body |
| Qi as commander of Blood (3) | Promotes blood (Ying), Moves blood, Controls blood(SP, HT) |
| Blood as mother of Qi (2) | Carries qi, Nourishes/Moisturizes qi |
| Blood Stagnation D/t Qi Deficiency | Chronic Dz → Qi Xu → Blood Stagnation |
| Qi and Blood Deficiency | Chronic Dz → Qi and Blood not supporting one another |
| Qi Fails to Control Blood | Chronic Dz or Bleeding→ SP Qi Xu + More Bleeding |
| Collapse of Qi Follows Bleeding | Trauma or internal vessel impairment → Bleeding → Qi Collapse |
Created by:
phdinh33
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