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Exam 1 - part 3
Hematopoiesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 processes of hematopoiesis? | 1. Proliferation 2. Differentiation 3. Maturation |
| Blood cells are replaced through the process of ______? | Proliferation |
| Define differentiation. | Dividing cell gives rise to progeny that differ from it. |
| Differentiated cells become fully functional through the process of what? | Maturation |
| Megakaryopoiesis is the process of forming what type of cells? | Platelets |
| The youngest form of a cell is known as a ______ cell. | Blast |
| Progenitor cells come from stem cells under the influence of what? | Growth factors |
| What cell marker is used to identify stem cells? | CD34 |
| Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets are committed (myeloid or lymphoid) progenitor cells. | Myeloid |
| Lymphoid progenitor cells include what 3 types of cells? | B-cells, T-cells, and NK cells |
| Progenitor cells make up what percent of precursor cells? | 3% |
| What are 4 effects of growth factors? | 1. To promote cell survival 2. To control and regulate differentiation 3. To promote proliferation 4. To enhance functional activity of terminally differentiated progeny |
| Growth factors are also known as _______. | Cytokines |
| What are growth factors produced by? | Stromal cells in the bone marrow |
| Growth factors work through the interaction with what? | Cell receptors |
| What does it mean for a growth factor to be pleiotrophic? | That they are able to act on more than one cell type. |
| Growth factors show redundancy, which means what? | More than one growth factor can have the same effect. |
| Growth factors are (antagonistic or synergistic)? | Synergistic |
| The JAK-STAT cytokine receptor is activated through what? | Phosphorylation |
| Once JAK-STAT is activated,it sends signals to the cell to start what process? | Transcription |
| Embryonic Hematopoiesis begins on what day of gestation? And occurs where? | Day 18; in the yolk sac |
| Primitive erythroblasts come from ________ in the yolk sak? | Blood islands |
| Fetal hematopoiesis begins in what month of developement? | The second month |
| Fetal developement occurs where in the body? | Liver |
| The liver is the primary site of hematopoiesis until what month in development? | The sixth month |
| Adult hematopoiesis begins at what month of development? | The sixth month |
| At the 6th month of fetal development, the liver decreases blood cell production and what takes over? | The bone marrow |
| (Medullary or Extramedullary) hematopoiesis is considered normal in the adult. | Medullary - production occurs totally in the bone marrow unless a disease state causes fetal sites to begin production again. |
| Red marrow is hematopoietically (active or inactive). | Active |
| Inactive marrow occurs here where hematopoeitc tissue is replaced by adipocytes for structural support. | Yellow Marrow |
| True or False: Children have less red marrow. | False, children have more red marrow. The more we age, the more adipocytes replace hematopoietic tissue. |
| Define hematopoietic tissues. | The tissues and organs involved in proliferation, maturation, and destruction of blood cells. |
| MALT stands for? | Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue |
| What are the 5 hematopoietic tissues? | 1. MALT 2. Spleen 3. Lymph Nodes 4. Thymus 5. Bone Marrow |
| MALT is a collection of what three types of cells? | Lymphocytes, Monocytes, and Macrophages |
| What are the primary roles of MALT? | Phagocytic and immunologic function. |
| The largest collection of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes are found in what hematopoietic tissue? | The spleen |
| The spleen has what 4 functions? | 1. Culling 2. Pitting 3. Immunologic 4. Storage |
| The removal of old cells is called what? | Culling |
| What is the process of removing unwanted parts of a cell. | Pitting |
| 33% of the body's platelets are absorbed and stored by the _______? | Spleen |
| The liver is (better or worse)than the spleen at pitting. | Worse due to the fact that blood flow is slower in the liver. |
| Germinal centers become enlarged during ________? | Infection |
| What is a Howell-Jolly Body? | A piece of DNA that is not removed during hematopoiesis. |
| How does the spleen show an immunologic function? | It serves as a place of phagocytes and lymphocytes to mount a response. |
| T-cells migrate to the _______ to acquire cellular markers. | Thymus |
| What percent of T-cells actually leave the thymus with markers? | 5% |
| The lymph node is the site of (T-cell or B-cell) maturation? | B-cells |
| The lymph nodes have large amounts of what 2 cell populations? | Phagocytes and lymphocytes |
| What is the primary site of hematopoeisis? | The bone marrow |
| What is an erythroid island? | A central macrophage surrounded by developing red blood cells. |
| What is the purpose of an erythroid island? | To transfer info between a macrophage to the surrounding red blood cells so that it may mature. |
Created by:
AshleySchutz
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