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DSST Computers #12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| artificial intelligence (AI) | The application of human intelligence to computers. |
| blade server | Complete computer server, such as a Web server or network server, packed on a single card. |
| business intelligence (BI) | Several types of applications and technologies for acquiring, storing, analyzing, and providing access to information to help users make more sound business decisions. |
| business process automation (BPA) | Automation that provides easy exchange of information among business applications, reduces the need for human intervention in processes, and uses software to automate processes wherever possible. |
| business process management (BPM) | Set of activities that enterprises perform to optimize their business processes, such as accounting and finance, hiring employees, and purchasing goods and services. |
| change management | Skill required for project leaders so they can recognize when a change in a project has occurred, take actions to react to the change, and plan for opportunities because of the change. |
| chief information officer (CIO) | IT executive position that reports to the CEO. |
| cloud computing | Internet service that provides computing needs to computer users. |
| computer-aided design (CAD) | Software that aids in engineering, drafting, and design. |
| computer-aided engineering (CAE) | Use of computers to test product designs. |
| computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) | Use of computers to assist with manufacturing processes such as fabrication and assembly. |
| computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) | Use of computers to integrate the many different operations of the manufacturing process. |
| content management system (CMS) | An information system that is a combination of databases, software, and procedures that organizes and allows access to various forms of documents and other files, including images and multimedia content. |
| customer interaction management (CIM) | Software that manages the day-to-day interactions with customers, such as telephone calls, e-mail interactions, Web interactions, and instant messaging sessions. |
| customer relationship management (CRM) | System that manages information about customers, interactions with customers, past purchases, and interest. |
| data center | Centralized location for managing and housing hardware and software. |
| data warehouse | Huge database that stores and manages the data required to analyze historical and current transactions. |
| decision support system (DSS) | Information system that helps users analyze data and make decisions. |
| disaster recovery plan | Written plan describing the steps a company would take to restore computer operations in the event of a disaster. Contains four major components: emergency plan, backup plan, recovery plan, and test plan. |
| distribution systems | Provides forecasting for inventory control, manages and tracks shipping of products, and provides information and analysis on inventory in warehouses. |
| EDI (electronic data interchange) | Electronic data interchange. Set of standards that controls the transfer of business data and information among computers both within and among enterprises. |
| enterprise computing | The use of computers in networks, such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols, and network architectures. |
| enterprise hardware | Devices geared for heavy use, maximum availability, and maximum efficiency that large organizations use to manage and store information and data. |
| enterprise information | Information gathered in the ongoing operations of an enterprise-sized organization. |
| enterprise resource planning (ERP) | Provides centralized, integrated software to help manage and coordinate the ongoing activities of the enterprise. |
| enterprise storage system | Strategy that focuses on the availability, protection, organization, and backup of storage in a company. |
| expert system | Information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision making. |
| Extranet | Portion of a company's network that allows customers or suppliers of a company to access parts of an enterprise's intranet. |
| high-availability systems | Systems that continue running and performing tasks for at least 99 percent of the time. |
| human resources information system (HRIS) | Information system that manages one or more human resources function(s). |
| information system | Hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that a computer requires to generate information. |
| Interoperability | Sharing information with other information systems within an enterprise. |
| legacy system | Information system that has existed within an organization for an extended length of time and is relied upon heavily. |
| management information system (MIS) | Information system that generates accurate, timely, and organized information, so managers and other users can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities, and track progress. |
| Managers | Employees responsible for coordinating and controlling an organization's resources. |
| Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II) | Extension of MRP that includes software that helps in scheduling, tracking production in real time, and monitoring product quality. |
| network attached storage (NAS) | Server that is placed on a network with the sole purpose of providing storage to users and information systems attached to the network. |
| office information system (OIS) | Information system that enables employees to perform tasks using computers and other electronic devices, instead of manually. Also called office automation. |
| online banking | Online connection to a bank's computer to access account balances, pay bills, and copy monthly transactions to a user's computer. |
| online trading | Online connection that allows users to invest in stocks, options, bonds, treasuries, certificates of deposit, money markets, annuities, mutual fund, and so on -- without using a broker. |
| Portal | Web site that offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location. |
| RAID (redundant array of independent disks) | Redundant array of independent disks. Group of two or more integrated hard disks that acts like a single large hard disk. |
| redundant components | Components used so that a functioning computer can take over automatically the tasks of a similar component that fails. |
| sales force automation (SFA) | Software that equips traveling salespeople with the electronic tools they need to be more productive. |
| Scalability | Measure of how well computer hardware, software, or an information system can grow to meet increasing performance demands. |
| small- and medium-sized business | Business that is smaller in size than an enterprise and typically does not have an international presence. |
| storage area network (SAN) | High-speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to other servers to which it is attached. |
| transaction processing system (TPS) | Information system that captures and processes data from day-to-day business activities. |
| virtual private network (VPN) | Network that provides a mobile user with a secure connection to a company network server, as if the user has a private line. |
| Web services | Set of software technologies that allows businesses to create products and B2B (business-to-business) interactions over the Internet. |
| Workflow | Defined process that identifies the specific set of steps involved in completing a particular project or business process. |
| workflow application | Program that assists in the management and tracking of all the activities in a business process from start to finish. |
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pinetreeacademy
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