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DSST Computers #10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 802.11i | Network standard that conforms to government's security standards and uses more sophisticated encryption techniques than WPA. Sometimes called WPA2. |
| access control | Security measure that defines who can access a computer, when they can access it, and what actions they can take while accessing the computer. |
| Adware | Program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on Web pages, e-mail, or other Internet services. |
| anti-spam program | Program that attempts to remove spam before it reaches a user's inbox. |
| antivirus program | Program that protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in memory, on storage media, or on incoming files. |
| audit trail | Computer file that records both successful and unsuccessful access attempts. |
| Backup | Duplicate or copy of a file, program, or disk that can be used if the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed. |
| biometric device | Device that authenticates a person's identity by translating a personal characteristic, such as a finger print, into a digital code that then is compared with a digital code stored in a computer verifying a physical or behavioral characteristic. |
| biometric payment | Payment method where the customer's fingerprint is read by a fingerprint reader that is linked to a payment method such as a checking account or credit card. |
| Botnet | Group of compromised computers connected to a network such as the internet that is being used as part of a network that attacks other networks, usually for nefarious purposes. See also zombie army. |
| CAPTCHA | Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart; program used by some Web sites to provide further protection for a user's password by verifying that user input is not computer generated. |
| certificate authority (CA) | Authorized person or company that issues and verifies digital certificates. |
| Clickjacking | Scam in which an object that can be clicked on a Web site, such as a button, image, or link, contains a malicious program. |
| computer addiction | Growing health problem that occurs when the computer consumes someone's entire social life. |
| computer crime | any illegal act involving a computer. |
| computer ethics | Moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and information systems. |
| computer vision syndrome | Eyestrain due to prolonged computer usage. |
| content filtering | Process of restricting access to certain material on the Web. |
| Cookie | Small text file that a Web server stores on a computer. |
| copyright | Exclusive rights given to authors and artists to duplicate, publish, and sell their materials. |
| Cracker | Someone who accesses a computer or network illegally with the intent of destroying data, stealing information, or other malicious action. |
| Cybercrime | Online or Internet-based illegal acts. |
| Decrypt | Process of deciphering encrypted data into a readable form. |
| denial of service attack | Assault on a computer or network whose purpose is to disrupt computer access to an Internet service such as the Web or e-mail. Also called DoS attack. |
| e-mail filtering | Service that blocks e-mail messages from designated sources. |
| employee monitoring | The use of computers to observe, record, and review an employee's use of a computer, including communications such as e-mail messages, keyboard activity (used to measure productivity), and Web sites visited. |
| Encryption | Process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access. |
| encryption algorithm | Set of steps that can convert readable plaintext into unreadable ciphertext. |
| encryption key | Set of characters that the originator of the encrypted data uses to encrypt the plaintext and the recipient of the data uses to decrypt the ciphertext. |
| ENERGY STAR program | Program developed by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to help reduce the amount of electricity used by computers and related devices. |
| Firewall | Hardware and/or software that protects a network's resources from intrusion by users on another network such as the Internet. |
| green computing | Computer usage that reduces the electricity and environmental waste involved in using a computer. |
| Hacker | Someone who accesses a computer or network illegally. |
| hardware theft | The act of stealing computer equipment. |
| hardware vandalism | The act of defacing or destroying computer equipment. |
| information privacy Right of individuals and compani | es to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them. |
| information theft | Computer security risk that occurs when someone steals personal or confidential information. |
| intellectual property rights | Rights to which creators are entitled for their work. |
| intrusion detection software | Program that automatically analyzes all network traffic, assesses system vulnerabilities, identifies any unauthorized intrusions, and notifies network administrators of suspicious behavior patterns or system breaches. |
| license agreement | An agreement issued by a software manufacturer that gives the user the right to use the software. |
| Malware | Short for malicious software; programs that act without a user's knowledge and deliberately alter a computer's operations. |
| Password | Private combination of characters associated with a user name that allows access to certain computer resources. |
| Payload | Destructive event or prank a malicious-logic program is intended to deliver. |
| personal firewall utility | Utility that detects and protects a personal computer and its data from unauthorized intrusions. |
| personal identification number (PIN) | Numeric password, either assigned by a company or selected by a user. |
| Pharming | Scam, similar to phishing, where a perpetrator attempts to obtain your personal and financial information, except they do so via spoofing. |
| phishing filter | Program that warns or blocks you from potentially fraudulent or suspicious Web sites. |
| Piracy | Unauthorized and illegal duplication of copyrighted material. |
| possessed object | Any item that a user must carry to gain access to a computer or computer facility. |
| product activation | Process that attempts to prevent software piracy by requiring users to provide a software product's 25-character identification number in order to receive an installation identification number. |
| Quarantine | Separate area of a hard disk that holds the infected file until a virus can be removed. |
| real time location system (RTLS) | Safeguard used by some businesses to track and identify the location of high-risk or high-value items. |
| repetitive strain injury (RSI) | Injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, and joints. |
| Restore | To copy backed up files by copying them to their original location on the computer. |
| Rootkit | Program that hides in a computer and allows someone from a remote location to take full control of the computer. |
| secure site | Web site that uses encryption techniques to secure its data. |
| social engineering | Gaining unauthorized access or obtaining confidential information by taking advantage of the trusting human nature of some victims and the naivety of others. |
| software theft | Computer security risk that occurs when someone (1) steals software media, (2) intentionally erases programs, (3) illegally copies a program, or (4) illegally registers and/or activates a program. |
| Spam | Unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroups posting sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once. |
| Spyware | Program placed on a computer without the user's knowledge that secretly collects information about the user. |
| surge protector | Device that uses special electrical components to smooth out minor noise, provide a stable current flow, and keep an overvoltage from reaching the computer and other electronic equipment. Also called a surge suppressor. |
| system failure | Prolonged malfunction of a computer. |
| Trojan horse | Malicious-logic program named after the Greek myth that hides within or looks like a legitimate program. |
| trusted source | Company or person a user believes will not send a virus-infected file knowingly. |
| unauthorized access | use of a computer or network without permission. |
| unauthorized use | Use of a computer or its data for unapproved or possibly illegal activities. |
| uninterruptible power supply (UPS) | Device that contains surge protection circuits and one or more batteries that can provide power during a temporary or permanent loss of power. |
| Virus | Potentially damaging computer program that affects, or infects, a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works without the user's knowledge or permission. |
| virus definition | Known specific pattern of virus code. Also called virus signature. |
| virus hoax | E-mail message that warns users of a nonexistent virus or other malware. |
| virus signature | Known specific pattern of virus code. Also called virus definition. |
| war driving | Intrusion technique in which an individual attempts to detect wireless networks via their notebook computer or mobile device while driving a vehicle through areas they suspect have a wireless network. |
| Web filtering software | Program that restricts access to certain material on the Web. |
| Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) | Security standard that improves on older security standards by authenticating network users and providing more advanced encryption techniques. |
| Worm | Program that copies itself repeatedly, using up system resources and possibly shutting down the system. |
| Zombie | A compromised computer whose owner is unaware the computer is being controlled remotely by an outsider. |
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