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IB Glossary - S

IB Glossary letter S

QuestionAnswer
search engine A program that searches a large database to find matching items. The most common use of a search engine is to find Internet addresses based on given key words.
secondary memory A type of memory that allows a user to store data and programs for as long as desired in, for example, a hard disk drive.
security Security in the context of computing is a large subject but in outline it might refer to: 1. risk to hardware 2. risk to software 3. risk to information.
selection sort A sort in which the items in a set are examined to find an item that fits specified criteria. This item is appended to the sorted set and removed from further consideration, and the process is repeated until all items are in the sorted set.
semantics The relationships of characters or groups of characters to their meanings, independent of the manner of their interpretation and use.
sensor A device that detects measurable elements of a physical process for transfer to a computer.
sequential access An access method in which records are read from, written to, or removed from a file based on the logical order of the records in the file.
sequential file A file in which the records are ordered and are retrieved using sequential access.
sequential search A search in which records in a file or in another data structure are examined one by one in the order in which they were entered until a specified criterion is met or until there are no more records to examine.
server 1. A program that provides services requested by client programs. 2. A computer that provides services to another computer connected over a network.
signature A combination of specifiers, the method name and the parameter list, that uniquely identifies the method.
simulation The use of a data processing system to represent selected behavioral characteristics of a physical or abstract system.
single-tasking A mode of operation that allows only one program to be in use at any time.
single-user system A system that allows only one user at a time.
software design The systematic application of scientific and technological knowledge, methods and experience to the design, implementation, and testing of software to optimize its production and support.
speech recognition (voice recognition) A process of comparing spoken words with those stored in the system.
star topology A network in which each device is connected to a central hub.
static data structure Data structures of which the size and nature are determined before a program is executed.
storage requirements A description of how much memory is required during the running of the program.
storyboard A diagrammatic form of a prototype showing a planned sequence of screen displays, demonstrating the different paths available to the user.
structure diagram A diagram that represents the working relationships between the parts of a system or program.
subprogram A program invoked by another program.
syntax The rules that govern the structure of language statements; in particular, the rules for forming statements in a source language correctly.
syntax error An error in the rules that govern the structure of language statements.
system documentation Documentation of the result of the systems analysis stage given the purpose of the system, the required inputs and outputs, a test plan and the results that are expected.
system life cycle The course of development changes through which a system passes from its conception to the termination of its use.
systems analyst A person who carries out a systematic investigation of a real or planned system to determine the information requirements and processes of the system, and how these relate to each other and to another system.
systems design The investigation and recording of existing systems and the design of new systems.
systems flowchart A flowchart used to describe a complete data processing system, with the flow of data through the clerical operations involved, down to the level of individual programs, but excluding details of such programs.
Created by: Stanman66
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