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-Microbiology CH2
Exam1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the strongest of the 3 chemical bonds? | Covalant Bonds |
| An uncharged particle in the atomic nucleus is? | Neutron |
| A hydrogen ion | Proton |
| The number of protons in the nucleus | Atomic number |
| Particles with negative charge that move in shells around the nucleus | Electron |
| A bond formed by sharing electrons in the outermost shell | Covalent |
| A weak bond formed, for example, by the slight positive charge at the hydrogen end of the water molecule reacting with the negative end of other molecules | Hydrogen Bond |
| A bond formed by the gain or loss of electrons from the outer electron shell | Ionic Bond |
| The substance upon which an enzyme acts | Substrate |
| A protein that lowers the activation energy required for a reaction | enzyme |
| The sum of the atomic weights of a molecules atom | Molecular Weight |
| The collective term for all decomposition reactions | Anabolism |
| The combining capacity of an atom | Valence |
| An ion with a positive charge | Cation |
| One of two molecules with the same chemical formula but different structure | Isomer |
| Prevents drastic change in pH | Buffer |
| Substance that dissociates into ions that are neither OH- nor H+ | Salt |
| A proton donor | Acid |
| Dissociates into one or more negative hydroxide ion, such as OH-. | Base |
| Combination of atoms that have gained stability by completing the full complement of electrons in the outer most shell. | Molecules |
| Eight or more glucose molecules in a chain | Polysaccharide |
| Sterol | Complex Lipid |
| Fat | Complex Lipid |
| Production of molecules of water during synthesis | Condensation |
| Formed from chains of amino acids | Protein |
| Lipoproteins | Conjugated Proteins |
| Results from the release of energy by separation of the terminal phosphate group | Adenosine diphosphate |
| DNA | Nucleic Acid |
| Triglycerides | Simple Lipids |
| Same number of protons in the nucleus but different weights | Isotope |
| A molecule containing at least two kinds of atoms, such as water H2O | Compound |
| An atom that is stable because it has a full complement of electrons | Molecule |
| The D and L forms of an amino acid | Stereoisomer |
| The substance formed by a reaction | Product |
| Sucrose | Disaccharide |
| Soluble in solvant such as ether or alcohol, but not in water | Lipids |
| Purines or pyrimidines attached to a pentose sugar, but without a phosphate group | Nucleoside |
| Have a hydrogen-to-oygen ration of 2:1, a general formula of CH2O | Carbohydrate |
| In DNA what will pair with guanine | Cytosine |
| In RNA what will replace thymine | Uracil |
| The five carbon sugar in DNA | Deoxyribose |
| Bonds between amino acids in proteins | Peptide Bonds |
| All atoms with the same atomic number are classified as the same | chemical element |
| When discussing synthesis, the combining substances are called ___, and the substances formed are ___ | reactants; product |
| Carbon has a valence of | 4 |
| The principle energy-carrying molecule in all cells is | Adenosine Triphosphate |
| In a protein, the order of the amino acid sequence is the ___ level of organization | primary |
| Thymine and cytosine are single-ring structures called | prymidines |
| An example of a nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides are: | Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Uracil |
| How many different kinds of amino acids occur naturally in proteins | 20 |
| Some important characteristics of water are its high ___ ___ and its capacity tas a temprature ___ | boiling point; buffer |
| Cations are positively charged ions; there outer electron shell is ___, than half filled and the lose electrons. | Less |
| The minimum collision energy required for a chemical reaction to occur is ____ ____ | Activation Energy |
| Neutrons and Protons have a weight about 1840 times that of | Electrons |
| Decomposition yield energy which is called | exergenic reaction |
| A positively charge ion is a ___, and this loses electrons | Cation |
| A negatively charge ion is a ___, and this gains electrons | Anion |
| The number of gram that is equal to the molecular weight is knowns as: | mole |
| The process of two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combining to form new and larger molecules is called | synthesis reaction |
| synthesis reactions are: | Anabolism |
| Partly syntheis and partly decomposition reactions are known as: | Exchange reactions |
| A synthesis reaction requires energy and is known as | endergonic reaction |
| A decomposition reaction yeilds energy and is known as | exergonic reaction |
| Water is polar or non polar | polar |
| The study of interactions between atoms and molecules | Chemistry |
| The smallest unit of matter that enters into a chemical reaction is a: | atom |
| Atoms interact to form | Molecules |
| What structures are found at the nucleus of an atom | Protons and Neutrons |
| An atom that has gained or lost electrons is a | Ion |
| Attractions between ions of opposite charge is known as | Ionic Bonds |
| When an atom gives a charge away becoming more positive is: | Cation |
| When an atom is accepting a charge becoming more negative (heavy) is known as: | Anion |
| This bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons | Covalent Bonds |
| This reaction absorbs energy | Endergonic |
| This reaction releases energy | Exergonic |
| This is a synthesis of molecules in a cell | Anabolism |
| This is decomposistion reaction in a cell | Catabolism |
| A main energy source for cells are | Carbohydrates |
| Disaccharides are formed when 2 monosaccharides are joined in ___ synthesis? | dehydration |
| Disaccharides can be broken down by ___ | hydrolisis |
| This is a polymer of 2 sugars repeating many times | Chitin |
| Nucleotides consist of | Pentose Phosphate Group Nitrogen Base |
| Nucleosides consist of | Pentose Nitrogen Base |
| In DNA A binds with | T |
| In DNA C binds with | G |
| In RNA A bonds with | U |
| In RNA C bonds with | G |
| How is ATP made, and how is it broken down | dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis |
| The breakdown of energy in ATP s used for | Anabolic Reactions |
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