Exam1
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| What is the strongest of the 3 chemical bonds? | Covalant Bonds
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| An uncharged particle in the atomic nucleus is? | Neutron
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| A hydrogen ion | Proton
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| The number of protons in the nucleus | Atomic number
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| Particles with negative charge that move in shells around the nucleus | Electron
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| A bond formed by sharing electrons in the outermost shell | Covalent
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| A weak bond formed, for example, by the slight positive charge at the hydrogen end of the water molecule reacting with the negative end of other molecules | Hydrogen Bond
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| A bond formed by the gain or loss of electrons from the outer electron shell | Ionic Bond
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| The substance upon which an enzyme acts | Substrate
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| A protein that lowers the activation energy required for a reaction | enzyme
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| The sum of the atomic weights of a molecules atom | Molecular Weight
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| The collective term for all decomposition reactions | Anabolism
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| The combining capacity of an atom | Valence
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| An ion with a positive charge | Cation
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| One of two molecules with the same chemical formula but different structure | Isomer
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| Prevents drastic change in pH | Buffer
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| Substance that dissociates into ions that are neither OH- nor H+ | Salt
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| A proton donor | Acid
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| Dissociates into one or more negative hydroxide ion, such as OH-. | Base
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| Combination of atoms that have gained stability by completing the full complement of electrons in the outer most shell. | Molecules
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| Eight or more glucose molecules in a chain | Polysaccharide
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| Sterol | Complex Lipid
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| Fat | Complex Lipid
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| Production of molecules of water during synthesis | Condensation
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| Formed from chains of amino acids | Protein
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| Lipoproteins | Conjugated Proteins
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| Results from the release of energy by separation of the terminal phosphate group | Adenosine diphosphate
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| DNA | Nucleic Acid
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| Triglycerides | Simple Lipids
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| Same number of protons in the nucleus but different weights | Isotope
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| A molecule containing at least two kinds of atoms, such as water H2O | Compound
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| An atom that is stable because it has a full complement of electrons | Molecule
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| The D and L forms of an amino acid | Stereoisomer
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| The substance formed by a reaction | Product
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| Sucrose | Disaccharide
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| Soluble in solvant such as ether or alcohol, but not in water | Lipids
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| Purines or pyrimidines attached to a pentose sugar, but without a phosphate group | Nucleoside
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| Have a hydrogen-to-oygen ration of 2:1, a general formula of CH2O | Carbohydrate
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| In DNA what will pair with guanine | Cytosine
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| In RNA what will replace thymine | Uracil
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| The five carbon sugar in DNA | Deoxyribose
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| Bonds between amino acids in proteins | Peptide Bonds
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| All atoms with the same atomic number are classified as the same | chemical element
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| When discussing synthesis, the combining substances are called ___, and the substances formed are ___ | reactants; product
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| Carbon has a valence of | 4
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| The principle energy-carrying molecule in all cells is | Adenosine Triphosphate
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| In a protein, the order of the amino acid sequence is the ___ level of organization | primary
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| Thymine and cytosine are single-ring structures called | prymidines
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| An example of a nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides are: | Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
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| How many different kinds of amino acids occur naturally in proteins | 20
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| Some important characteristics of water are its high ___ ___ and its capacity tas a temprature ___ | boiling point; buffer
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| Cations are positively charged ions; there outer electron shell is ___, than half filled and the lose electrons. | Less
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| The minimum collision energy required for a chemical reaction to occur is ____ ____ | Activation Energy
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| Neutrons and Protons have a weight about 1840 times that of | Electrons
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| Decomposition yield energy which is called | exergenic reaction
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| A positively charge ion is a ___, and this loses electrons | Cation
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| A negatively charge ion is a ___, and this gains electrons | Anion
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| The number of gram that is equal to the molecular weight is knowns as: | mole
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| The process of two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combining to form new and larger molecules is called | synthesis reaction
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| synthesis reactions are: | Anabolism
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| Partly syntheis and partly decomposition reactions are known as: | Exchange reactions
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| A synthesis reaction requires energy and is known as | endergonic reaction
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| A decomposition reaction yeilds energy and is known as | exergonic reaction
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| Water is polar or non polar | polar
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| The study of interactions between atoms and molecules | Chemistry
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| The smallest unit of matter that enters into a chemical reaction is a: | atom
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| Atoms interact to form | Molecules
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| What structures are found at the nucleus of an atom | Protons and Neutrons
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| An atom that has gained or lost electrons is a | Ion
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| Attractions between ions of opposite charge is known as | Ionic Bonds
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| When an atom gives a charge away becoming more positive is: | Cation
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| When an atom is accepting a charge becoming more negative (heavy) is known as: | Anion
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| This bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons | Covalent Bonds
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| This reaction absorbs energy | Endergonic
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| This reaction releases energy | Exergonic
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| This is a synthesis of molecules in a cell | Anabolism
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| This is decomposistion reaction in a cell | Catabolism
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| A main energy source for cells are | Carbohydrates
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| Disaccharides are formed when 2 monosaccharides are joined in ___ synthesis? | dehydration
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| Disaccharides can be broken down by ___ | hydrolisis
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| This is a polymer of 2 sugars repeating many times | Chitin
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| Nucleotides consist of | Pentose
Phosphate Group
Nitrogen Base
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| Nucleosides consist of | Pentose
Nitrogen Base
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| In DNA A binds with | T
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| In DNA C binds with | G
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| In RNA A bonds with | U
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| In RNA C bonds with | G
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| How is ATP made, and how is it broken down | dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis
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| The breakdown of energy in ATP s used for | Anabolic Reactions
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