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Mid-term review 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of blood group antigens and antibodies | immunohematology or blood banking |
| Pathogens that may be present in human blood and that may cause diseases in humans | blood borne pathogens |
| A hematocrit preformed on a small amount of blood | microhematocrit |
| Swelling of tissue around a vessel due to leakage of blood into the tissue | hematoma |
| The form and structure of cells, tissues, and organs | morphology |
| A determination of the relative numbers of each type of leukocyte in a stained blood smear | differential count |
| The appearance on an antibody in the serum of an individual following exposure to an antigen | seroconversion |
| Rapid increase in immunoglobulins following a second exposure to an antigen | anamnestic response |
| The functional unit in the kidney is the | nephron |
| The normal pH of urine | 4.5 to 8.0 / 5.5 to 8.0 |
| During chemical urinalysis ketones test for | incomplete fat metabolism, acetone, acetoacetic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid |
| During chemical urinalysis nitrates test for | conversion of urinary nitrates to nitrites |
| During microscopic urine evaluation casts are seen | low-power 10x to locate then high-power 40x to identify |
| During microscopic urine evaluation epithelial cells are identified | high-power 40x |
| During chemical urinalysis glucose test for | presence of glucose |
| The normal value for urine glucose is | negative |
| During chemical urinalysis bilirubin test for | hemoglobin breakdown |
| The normal value for urine bilirubin is | negative |
| The normal value for urine nitrate is | negative |
| The normal value for urine ketones is | negative |
| What does urine pH analyze or determine | degree of acidity or alkalinity of the urine |
| During chemical urinalysis what does blood test for | hemoglobin and intact RBCs |
| What is the normal value of urine blood | negative |
| During chemical urinalysis what does the leukocyte test detect | presence of WBCs in urine |
| Abnormal urine chemical test would indicate what for nitrite | UTI |
| Abnormal urine chemical test would indicate what for glucose | diabetes |
| Abnormal urine chemical test would indicate what for leukocytes | infection or inflammation |
| Abnormal urine chemical test would indicate what for blood | infection, bleeding in kidneys, glomular damage, tumor, trauma to the urinary tract |
| Abnormal urine chemical test would indicate what for protein | renal disease or UTI |
| Abnormal urine chemical test would indicate what for ketones | uncontrolled diabetes, starvation, prolonged dieting or fasting |
| Abnormal urine chemical test would indicate what for bilirubin | liver disease, bile duct obstruction, hepatitis |
| Abnormal urine chemical test would indicate what for urobilinogen | hepatic or hemolytic disease |
| What does urine specific gravity reflect | kidneys ability to concentrate urine |
| The cellular elements found in blood include | RBCs (erythrocytes), WBCs (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes) |
| The function and lifespan for erythrocytes is | transport oxygen to the tissue and carbon dioxide to lungs/120days |
| The function and lifespan for platelets | hemostasis / 10days |
| Five tests most commonly part of a CBC are | RBC, WBC, and platelet count; hemoglobulin, hematocrit, and differential |
| The buffy coat contains | WBCs (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes) |
| The veins commonly used for veinipuncture | median cubital, cephalic, and basilic |
| What is the most commonly used veinipuncture procedure for patients w/normal vascular systems | evacuated tube method |
| The ESR test is an indicator of | inflammation and or tissue injury |
| Medical conditions which increase the ESR result | pregnancy, anemia, macrocytosis, inflammatory disease, cancer, TB, increased plasma fibrinogen & globulin, acute & chronic infections |
| Medical conditions which decrease the ESR | sickled cells, polyerythremia, spherocytosis, microcytosis, and increased plasma velocity |
| Features of a good blood smear are | cover 1/2 to 3/4 of slide, gradual from thick to thin, smooth appearance, no holes or ridges, & should have a feathered edge |
| Segmented neutrophil | cell size 10-15mm, nucleus 2-5 coarse lobes, abundant pale pink to tan cytoplasm with small, lilac granular inclusion |
| Basophils | cell size 10-15mm, difficult to see segmented nucleus, abundant pale pink to tan cytoplasm with coarse, blue-black granular inclusions |
| Eosinophil | cell size 10-15mm, bilobed coarse nucleus, abundant pale pink to tan cytoplasm with coarse, orange-red granular inclusions |
| Monocyte | cell size 12-20mm, horseshoe, folded or convoluted shaped nucleus, abundant gray-blue cytoplasm with ground glass appearing inclusions |
| Lymphocyte | cell size 8-15mm, round oval smoothly stained velvety nucleus, scant blue cytoplasm with occasional red-purple granules |
| Band neutrophils | cell size 10-15mm, sausage or u shaped coarse nucleus, abundant pale pink to tan cytoplasm with small lilac granular inclusions |
| Atypical lymphocyte (reactive) | Large holly-leaf shaped nucleus with large blue cytoplasm |
| The study of blood & blood forming tissues | hematology |
Created by:
tigert74@embarqmail
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