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CardioVascular Ch22
Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Left and right atriums are located... | At the top of the heart |
| The ventricles are located ... | at the bottom |
| Explain the coronary sinus. | It is a venous sinus that opens into the right atrium of the heart and serves to drain the coronary veins. |
| Explain the pulmonary veins. | Large blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. There are 4 pulmonary veins, 2 from each lung. They carry oxygenated blood. |
| Name the lobes of the left lung. | Superior lobe, and Inferior lobe |
| Names the lobes of the right lung. | Superior lobe, Middle lobe, and Inferior lobe. |
| Pectus Excavatum | An abnormal development of the rib cage, where the breast bone (sternum) caves in, resulting in a sunken chest wall deformity. Referred to as "funnel chest". |
| Pectus Carinatum | A deformity of the chest characterized by a protrusion of the sternum and ribs. Often called pigeon chest. |
| Pectus Excavatum and Pectus Carnatum are? | Congenital chest deformities |
| What is used in positioning for a lobectomy? | Tape, bean bag, extra arm boards, shoulder rest and mayo stand. |
| What are the most common positions for a lobectomy? | Fowlers and Posterolateral |
| What is the Intra-Aortic balloon pump used for? | It is a mechanical device that increases myocardial oxygen perfusion while at the same time increasing cardiac output.It consist of a cylindrical polyethylene balloon that sits in the aorta and counterpulsates. |
| When is the intra-aortic balloon pump used? | After a surgical procedure. |
| Fogarty Embolectomy Catheter | A catheter with an inflatable balloon near its tip; used to remove emboli and thrombi from blood vessels or to remove stones from the biliary ducts. |
| Arterial Line | Provides continuous blood pressure monitoring. |
| Where is an arterial line usually placed? | The neck |
| What are some symptoms of lesions of mediastinum? | Dry cough, chest pain, dyspnea... |
| Name the valves of the heart. | Mitral, Tricuspid, Pulmunary Semilunar, Aortic Semilunar |
| What another name for the Mitral valve? | Bicuspid |
| What is the number one killer? | Heart disease |
| Risk factors of Cardiomyopathy | heavy alcohol drinker, overweight, family history |
| Tachycardia | Rapid heartbeat. Faster than 100 beats per minute. |
| Bradycardia | Slow heartbeat. 60 or below |
| Cardio Tamponade | Occurs when the pericardial space fills up with fluid faster than the pericardial sac can stretch. |
| What causes a cardio tamponade? | A penetrating trauma such as a stabbing. |
| What percentage of patients are asymptomatic for lesions of the mediastinum? | 40 |
| What percentage of patients have symptoms when suffering from lesions of the mediastinum? | 60 |
| What is a Pleur-Vac? | It's a wet suction control system that drains the chest of fluid and is frequently necessary for thoracic, cardiovascular, trauma and critical care. |
| Which are larger, the ventricles, or the atriums? | The Ventricles |
| Why are the ventricles larger? | Because they receive the most blood. |
| Describe the Atrium walls. | They are thin |
| What separates the ventricles? | Intraventricular Septum |
| Circumflex artery supplies blood to which chambers of the heart and what side? | Left Atrium and Left Ventricle |
| What kind of blood enters the right atrium? | Deoxygenated |
| The pulmonic artery does what? | Carries blood to the lungs where it picks up oxygen. |
| Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart through what? | Pulmonary veins |
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