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A and P Chapter 1
Introduction to Human A and P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Structure of the body and it's parts. |
| Physiology | The Functions of the body's parts. |
| Atoms | simplest level |
| molecule | two or more atoms |
| macromolecule | groups of molecules |
| Organelles | aggregates of macromolecules used t carry out a specific function in the cell. |
| Cells | the basic living unit |
| Tissues | groups of cells functioning together |
| organs | groups of tissues |
| organ systems | groups of organs functioning together |
| organism | organ systems functioning together |
| what are the fundamental characteristics of life | Movement, Growth, Responsiveness, Reproduction, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, and Excretion |
| absorption | movement of substances through membranes and into fluids |
| assimilation | changing nutrients into chemically different forms |
| excretion | removal of metabolic wastes |
| metabolism | the chemical process that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life |
| requirements for life | water,food, oxygen, heat, and pressure |
| homeostasis | maintenance of a stable internal environment |
| homeostasis consist of | receptors, a set point, and effectors |
| the body can be divided into 2 parts | axial portion and appendicular portion |
| axial portion consists of | head, neck, and trunk |
| appendicular portion consists of | upper and lower limbs |
| axial portion includes | cranial cavity, vertebral canal, thoracic, and abdominopelvic |
| mediastinum | divides the thorax into right and left sides. |
| viscera | organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| diaphragm | broad thin muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| parietal | attaches to wall cavity |
| visceral | covers internal organ |
| thoracic membranes | pleural |
| parietal pleura | lines the cavities |
| visceral pleura | covers the lungs |
| pericardial membranes | surround the heart |
| parietal pericardium | makes up an outer sac |
| visceral pericardium | covers the heart |
| integumentary system organs | skin ,hair, nails, and various glands |
| integumentary system function | protection, body temp, senses changes, and synthesizes certain products |
| skeletal system organs | bones, ligaments and cartialage |
| skeletal system function | protection, provides framework, stores inorganic salts, and houses blood forming tissue |
| muscular system organs | muscles |
| muscular system function | movement, posture, and body heat |
| nervous system organs | brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs |
| nervous system function | intergrates incoming information from receptors and sends impulses to muscles and joints |
| endocrine system organs | glands |
| endocrine system function | secretes hormones, and helps to intergrate metabolic functions |
| cardiovascular system organs | heart and blood vessels |
| cardiovascular system function | distributes oxygen and nutrients throughout the body while removing wastes from the cells |
| lymphatic system organs | lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen |
| lymphatic system function | drains excess tissue fluid and includes cells of immunity |
| digestive system organs | mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs |
| digestive system function | recieives, breaks down, and absorbs nutrients |
| respiratory system organs | lungs and passageways |
| respiratory system function | exchanges gases between the blood and air |
| urinary system organs | kidneys, uteters, bladder, and urethra |
| urinary system functions | removes waste from the blood and helps to maintain water and electrolyte balance |
| reproductive system organs male | testes, accessory organs, and vessels |
| reproductive system organs female | ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia |
| reproductive system function | houses the developing offspring |
| lateral | towards the side |
| bilateral | a pair, one on each side |
| ipsilateral | a pair on the same side |
| contralateral |
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