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Chap. 53 Population
Campbell Biology Chapter 53: Population Ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Population | A group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area. |
| Density | The number of individuals per unit area or volume. |
| Dispersion | The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population. |
| Mark-recapture method | A sampling technique used to estimate the size of animal populations. |
| Immigration | The influx of new individuals from other areas. |
| Emigration | The movement of individuals out of populations and into other locations. |
| Territoriality | The defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals. |
| Demography | The study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time. |
| Life tables | Age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population. |
| Survivorship curve | A plot of the proportion or numbers in cohort still alive at each age. |
| Reproductive table | An age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population; (Fertility schedule). |
| Zero population growth | A period of stability in population size, when additions to the population through births and immigration are balanced by subtractions through deaths and emigration; (ZPG). |
| Exponential population growth | Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve when population size is plotted over time. |
| Carrying capacity | The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as K. |
| Logistic population growth | Population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity. |
| Life history | The traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and survival. |
| Semelparity | Reproduction in which an organism produces all of its offspring in a single event; (Big-bang reproduction). |
| Iteroparity | Reproduction in which adults produce offspring over many years; (Repeated reproduction). |
| K-selection | Selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density; (Density-dependent selection). |
| R-selection | Selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments; (Density-independent selection). |
| Density independent | Referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density. |
| Density dependent | Referring to any characteristic that varies with population density. |
| Population dynamics | The study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size. |
| Metapopulation | A group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration. |
| Demographic transition | In a stable population, a shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. |
| Age structure | The relative number of individuals of each age in a population. |
| Ecological footprint | The aggregate land and water area required by a person, city, or nation to produce all of the resources it consumes and to absorb all of the wastes it generates. |
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