Campbell Biology Chapter 53: Population Ecology
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| Population | A group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area.
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| Density | The number of individuals per unit area or volume.
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| Dispersion | The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population.
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| Mark-recapture method | A sampling technique used to estimate the size of animal populations.
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| Immigration | The influx of new individuals from other areas.
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| Emigration | The movement of individuals out of populations and into other locations.
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| Territoriality | The defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals.
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| Demography | The study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time.
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| Life tables | Age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population.
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| Survivorship curve | A plot of the proportion or numbers in cohort still alive at each age.
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| Reproductive table | An age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population; (Fertility schedule).
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| Zero population growth | A period of stability in population size, when additions to the population through births and immigration are balanced by subtractions through deaths and emigration; (ZPG).
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| Exponential population growth | Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve when population size is plotted over time.
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| Carrying capacity |
The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as K.
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| Logistic population growth | Population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity.
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| Life history | The traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and survival.
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| Semelparity | Reproduction in which an organism produces all of its offspring in a single event; (Big-bang reproduction).
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| Iteroparity | Reproduction in which adults produce offspring over many years; (Repeated reproduction).
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| K-selection | Selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density; (Density-dependent selection).
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| R-selection | Selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments; (Density-independent selection).
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| Density independent | Referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density.
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| Density dependent | Referring to any characteristic that varies with population density.
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| Population dynamics |
The study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size.
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| Metapopulation | A group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration.
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| Demographic transition | In a stable population, a shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
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| Age structure | The relative number of individuals of each age in a population.
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| Ecological footprint | The aggregate land and water area required by a person, city, or nation to produce all of the resources it consumes and to absorb all of the wastes it generates.
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