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MP - Lecture 28
Pulmonary Circulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Medical Physiology – Lecture 28 | Pulmonary Circulation |
| Left atrial pressure is estimated by: | Pulmonary wedge pressure |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance is ___ than systemic resistance. | Much lower |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance has ___ regulation. | Little autonomic (autoregulation) |
| If pulmonary arterial pressure increases, pulmonary vascular resistance ___ and flow ___ substantially. | Decreases, increases |
| In the lung, small pressure change results in: | Large cardiac output change |
| A large increase of flow in the lung produces: | small change in pulmonary arterial pressure |
| In the brain, flow is: | constant over a wide range of arterial pressures (autoregulation) |
| In tissues that autoregulate, increases in pressure produces: | Small changes in flow and increased resistance |
| Lung regulation is done by two passive mechanisms: | Recruitment and distension |
| Gravity causes pressure to ___ as you go up the lungs. | Decrease |
| Zone 1 of Lung | No flow |
| Zone 2 of Lung | Low to moderate flow |
| Zone 3 of Lung | High flow, high pressure |
| Hypoxic Vasoconstriction | Low alveolar PO2 triggers local vasoconstriction to divert blood to better ventilated parts of lung |
| Hypoxic vasoconstriction occurs only in: | Pulmonary circulation |
| Resistance is at a minimum when: | Lung volume = FRC |
| Effect of lung volume on pulmonary vascular resistance: | Increase or decrease in lung volume increases vascular resistance |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance increases with lung volume decrease or increase because: | Alveolar and extra-alveolar pulmonary blood vessels |
| Alveolar Blood Vessels | Capillaries and small arterioles and vessels |
| Extra-Alveolar Blood Vessels | Larger arterioles, arteries, and veins |
| Lung volume increase causes alveolar vessels to: | Stretch, increasing resistance |
| Lung volume decrease causes extra-alveolar vessels to: | Decrease radial traction, increasing resistance |
| An increase in alveolar resistance or extra-alveolar resistance causes overall resistance increase because: | Pulmonary vessels are in series |
| Hydrostatic Pressures of Pulmonary Capillaries | Lumen = 7, ISF = -8 |
| Colloid Osmotic Pressure of Pulmonary Capillaries | Lumen = 28, ISF = 14 |
| Net driving force of pulmonary capillaries: | +1 outward (towards ISF) |
| Capillary lumen leaks fluid through ___ to ___. | Endothelial layer to ISF |
| ISF edema’s effect on gas exchange is: | Minimal, diffusion distance still small |
| Alveolar edema’s effect on gas exchange is: | Severe impairment, fluid occupies space where O2 normally does |
| Causes of pulmonary edema: | Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (left heart failure), capillary permeability increase (poison gas), loss of pulmonary surfactant, high altitudes, lymphatic insufficiency, and heroin overdose |
| Pulmonary circulation removes: | Serotonin, prostaglandin E2/F2a, and leukotriene |
| Function of ACE in pulmonary metabolism: | Convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II and deactivate bradykinin |
Created by:
emyang
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