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Computer History
Computer History Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -Pascaline -Renaissance -Add/Subtract | Blaise Pascal |
| -Algebra of True/False | George Boole |
| -The Bombe -Colossus -Enigma -Lorenz Machine -Father of Artificial Intelligence -The Turing Machine | Alan Turing |
| Slide Ruler | William Oughtred |
| Stepped Reckoner -Like Pascaline but also Multiply/Divide | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz |
| Jacquard Loom | Joseph Marie Jacquard |
| All logical statements can be formed using only AND/OR/NOT | Ludwig Wittgenstein |
| Company developed Key-Set machine | William Seward Burroughs I |
| Differential Analyzer | Vannevar Bush |
| -Defference Engine -Analytical Engine -Industrial Revolution | Charles Babbage |
| -Analytical Engine -First Programmer -Daughter of Lord Byron | Lady Ada of Lovelace |
| -Census Tabulating Machine -Tabulating Machine Company | Herman Hollerith |
| Vacuum Tube | Lee de Forest |
| -Instrumental in directing his company from firearms to adding machines -E. Remington and Sons | Philo Remington |
| -ENIAC -EDVAC -UNIVAC -U of Penn -Too late for WWII | Presper Eckert and John Mauchly |
| -Programmer on Harvard Mark I -Helped develop UNIVAC -Debugging -Testing -COBOL | Grace Hopper |
| Programmer of ENIAC | Jean Jennings Bartik |
| Microprocessor | Ted Hoff |
| Father of "information theory" | Claude Shannon |
| Atanasoff-Berry Computer -Iowa State U -Conflict with Eckert and Mauchly | John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry |
| -Z1-Z4 -Zuse KG | Konrad Zuse |
| -Harvard Mark I -Conflict with IBM | Howard Aiken |
| Thomas Watson, Jr. | IBM President |
| -Transistor -Bell Labs | William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain |
| -Integrated Circuit -Texas Instruments | Jack Kilby |
| -Integrated Circuit -Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Robert Noyce |
| -Stored programs -Conflict with Eckert and Mauchly -Describe modern computer architecture | John von Neumann |
| -Dualism - Human body acts as a machine; the mind does not. | Rene Descartes |
| -Logic Programming -The Deductive Method | John McCarthy |
| The Father of the World Wide Web | Tim Berners-Lee |
| -Point-and-Click -GUI Interface -User-Friendliness -PARC-XEROX | Clarence Ellis |
| -Mosaic -Netscape | Marc Andreesen |
| -Microsoft -MS-DOS/PC-DOS -Internet Explorer -Windows | Bill Gates |
| -Microsoft -Wrote the BASIC interpreter for the Altair 8800 | Paul Allen |
| -Apple -NeXT -MacIntosh | Steve Jobs |
| -Apple -the Engineer | Steve Wozniak |
| -Origins are in Babylonia -Standardized in China | Abacus |
| -Greece -Used in Astronomy and Astrology | Antikythera Device |
| -Add/Subtract -Built to help Pascal's father in his accounting business | Pascaline |
| Handheld Calculator | Slide Ruler |
| Added Multiplication and Division to Pascal's machine | Stepped Reckoner |
| Solved Polynomials | Difference Engine |
| Solved any type of math problem | Analytical Engine |
| Used in 1890 Census with redesign was used by railroad companies | Census Tabulating Machine |
| -Used to decode Lorenz machine encrypted messages during WWII at Bletchly Park, England -Part of Ultra Secret | Colossus |
| Was to be used to calculate trajectory tables during WWI but was too late | ENIAC |
| The machine after ENIAC that had stored programs | EDVAC |
| First commercially available computer from Eckert-Mauchly corporation (with large funding by Remington Rand) | UNIVAC |
| -Designed and commissioned by Howard Aiken -Actually built by IBM -Used by US Navy | Harvard Mark I |
| -Can be used for amplification and switching -Not reliable; burns out easily | Vacuum Tube |
| -replacement for vacuum tubes -more reliable -Made initially with germanium but soon afterward silicon | Transistor |
| Many transistors and other components brought closely together on a single chip | Integrated Circuit |
| An integrated circuit that performs the operations of the CPU | Microprocessor |
| Electromechanical device used to calculate trajectories for the US during WWII | Differential Analyzer |
| -A weaving machine -Had punched cards to denote a particular pattern | Loom |
| -Adding machine that allowed one to set all keys then add by pulling a lever | Key Set Machine |
| Electromechanical computer developed at Iowa State U | Atanasoff-Berry |
| Early machine used to break the Enigma code during WWII | The Bombe |
| -The encrypting machine used by the Ggermans during WWII -3 rotors | The Enigma Machine |
| -The encrypting machine used by the Germans during WWII -7 rotors | The Lorenz Machine |
| German computer done mostly in isolation | Z1-Z4 |
| -Batch operations -time-sharing using terminals | IBM Mainframes |
| Considered the first personal computer | Kenbak-1 |
| Considered the first successful personal computer(complete and out-of the box) | Apple II |
| Set the standard for personal computing | IBM-PC |
| William Seward Burroughs I | -American Arithmometer Company -Burroughs |
| William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain | AT&T Bell Labs |
| Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, Ted Hoff | Intel |
| helped fund the UNIVAC | Remington Rand |
| -Mark Andreesen -Evolved from Mosaic | Netscape |
| -Jeff Bezos -Pierre Omidyar -Some of the first e-commerce companies | Amazon; Ebay |
| -Bill Gates, Paul Allen -involved in a legal battle with Netscape which almost led to the company being split. (Monopolgy issues) | Microsoft |
| -Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak -Apple I, II, III, Lisa, and MacIntosh | Apple |
| -Pong -2600 -Video game crashes of 1977 and 1983 | Atari |
| UNIX workstations; Solaris; Java Programming Language | SUN |
| The number of transistors that can fit onto a chip doubles every two years | Moore's Law |
| Body acts like a machine, following the law of nature; mind acts differently | Dualism |
| Innovation; financial mania; crash; golden age | Creative Destruction |
| 1983; Filmed during the beginning of the home computer revolution; addressed themes such as hacking, artificial intelligence, and technology as more powerful than man. (War dialing, Stanislav Petrov) | War Games |
| 1957; Non-science fiction movie about computers. Funded by IBM | Desk Set |
| 1902; First moving picture that envisioned space travel | Le Voyage Dans La Lune |
| 1726; first possible mention of a computer-like device in literature (The Engine) | Gulliver's Travels |
| Qubits | Nanotechnology |
| 1979; 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G | Cellular Networks |
| World War II | Radiophones |
| 1880; the Photophone | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Transfer of information between points that are not physically connected | Wireless Telecommunications |
| Same decision-making capabilities as a human expert. (Watson.) | Expert Systems |
| Golem, Hephaestus, Galatea, Asimo, Topio | Robotics |
| Robo-ethics; Machine ethics | Ethics |
| Intelligence; Consciousness; Can the computer be made to think and is the human brain just a computer? | Philosophy |
| First opportunity to harness a power to perform computations | Steam |
| Nanotechnologies; quantum computer | Carbon |
| Semiconductor | Germanium |
| Semiconductor; more abundant than germanium | Silicon |
| Better method than steam; electricity travels approximately one foot in a nanosecond | Electricity |
| Hand powered calculating devises | Hand Crank |
| Area formulas | Egyptians |
| Algorithms | Middle East (Islamic Influence) |
| Decimal System | Chinese |
| Zero | Indians |
| Education, Cryptography | Romans |
| Logic | Greeks |
| Consistent alphabet | Phoenicians |
| Place value (base 60) | Babylonians |
| Cuneiform | Sumerians |
| Painting; caring; counting sticks | Pre-mechanicial |
| Abacus; Antikythera Device; Pascaline; Slide Ruler; Stepped Reckoner; Difference Engine; Analytical Engine; Key-Set Machine | Mechanical |
| Census Tabulating Machine; Differential Analyzer; Atanasoff-Berry Computer; The Bombe; Colossus; Z1-Z4; Harvard Mark I | Electromechanical |
| ENIAC;EDVAC;UNIVAC | Electronic |
| Pascal; Oughtred; Leibniz | Renaissance |
| Babbage; Lady Ada; Boole; Jacquard; Wittgenstein | Industrial Revolution |
| Herman Hollerith; Lee de Forest; Burroughs; Remington | Electrical Age |
| Atansoff, Berry | The Great Depression |
| Turing; Zuse; Bush; Eckert and Mauchly; Hopper; Aiken; Bartik; Shannon; Zuse; von Neumann | World War II |
| Shockley/Bardeen/Brattain; Kilby; Noyce; Hoff; Watson | The Space Race |
| Mainfram; Minicomputer; Microcomputer; Home Computer; Apple II; IBM-PC | Home Computing |
| DARPA; ARPANET; CYCLADES; CSNET; NSFNET; ISP; USENET; GOPHER | The Internet Age |
| Amazon; Ebay; Henry Bodgett | The Dot Com Era |
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