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NOS220 Review (Ch2)
Linux Study Guide - Linux Installation & Usage
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) | Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment. |
| Arguments | The text that appears after a command name, does not start with a dash “-” character, and specifies information the command requires to work properly. |
| authentication | The process whereby each user must log in with a valid user name and password before gaining access to the user interface of a system. |
| BASH shell | The Bourne Again Shell; it is the default command-line interface in Linux. |
| BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) | The part of a computer system that contains the programs used to initialize hardware components at boot time. |
| boot loader | A small program started by BIOS that executes the Linux kernel in memory. |
| command | A program that exists on the hard disk and is executed when typed on the command line. |
| dual booting | The process of installing more than one operating system on a computer. The user can then choose the operating system to load at system startup. |
| ext2 | A nonjournaling Linux filesystem. |
| ext3 | A journaling Linux filesystem. |
| ext4 | An improved version of the ext3 filesystem with an extended feature set and better performance. |
| extended partition | A partition on a hard disk that can be further subdivided into components called logical drives. |
| filesystem | The way in which a hard disk partition is formatted to allow data to reside on the physical media; common Linux filesystems include ext2, ext3, ext4, REISER, and VFAT. |
| firstboot wizard | A configuration utility that is run at system startup immediately following a Fedora Linux installation. |
| Free Identity, Policy, and Audit (FreeIPA) | A set of security software that provides secure authentication across a network using several technologies that work together, including LDAP, Kerberos, NTP, and DNS. |
| GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) | A common boot loader used in Linux. |
| GUID Partition Table (GPT) | The area of a large hard disk (> 2TB) outside a partition that stores partition information and boot loaders. |
| Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) | A list of hardware components that have been tested and deemed compatible with a given operating system. |
| info pages | A set of local, easy-to-read command syntax documentation available by typing the info command. |
| Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) | Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment. |
| journaling | A filesystem function that keeps a journal of the information that needs to be written to the hard disk; common Linux journaling filesystems include ext3, ext4, and REISER. |
| Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) | A protocol that is used by services to query directory databases for purposes of authentication. |
| logical drives | The smaller partitions contained within an extended partition on a hard disk. |
| Logical Volume Manager (LVM) | A set of services that is used to manage logical volumes stored on one or more hard disks. |
| man pages | See manual pages. |
| manual pages | The most common set of local command syntax documentation, available by typing the man command. Also known as man pages. |
| Master Boot Record (MBR) | The area of a typical hard disk (< 2TB) outside a partition that stores partition information and boot loaders. |
| memtest86 | A common RAM-checking utility. |
| metacharacters | The key combinations that have special meaning in the Linux operating system. |
| Network Information Service (NIS) | A set of services that is used to standardize the configuration and centralize the authentication of UNIX and Linux-based systems across a network. |
| Network Time Protocol (NTP) | A protocol that is used to synchronize the time on a computer from across a network such as the Internet. |
| options | The specific letters that start with a dash “-” or two and appear after the command name to alter the way the command works. |
| Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) | A legacy hard disk technology that uses ribbon cables to typically attach up to four hard disk devices to a single computer. |
| partitions | A small section of an entire hard disk created to make the hard disk easier to use. Partitions can be primary or extended. |
| primary partitions | The separate divisions into which a hard disk can be divided (up to four are allowed per hard disk). |
| Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) | A type of storage that can be used to combine hard disks together for performance and/or fault tolerance. |
| REISER | A journaling filesystem used in Linux. |
| Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) | A hard disk technology that allows for fast data transfer along a serial cable. It is commonly used in newer workstation and serverclass computers. |
| Shell | A user interface that accepts input from the user and passes the input to the kernel for processing. |
| Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) | A high-performance hard disk technology that is commonly used in server-class computers. |
| swap memory | virtual memory. |
| System Rescue | A feature that allows you to boot a small Linux system from DVD to repair a Linux system that resides on the hard disk. |
| Terminal | The channel that allows a certain user to log in and communicate with the kernel via a user interface. |
| VFAT (Virtual File Allocation Table) | A nonjournaling filesystem that might be used in Linux. |
| virtual memory | An area on a hard disk, known as a swap partition, that can be used to store information that normally resides in physical memory (RAM), if the physical memory is being used excessively. |
| Winbind | A set of software components that allows Linux computers to authenticate against a Microsoft Active Directory database. |
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