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NOS220 Review (Ch12)

Linux Study Guide - Network Configuration

QuestionAnswer
ANDing The process by which binary bits are compared to calculate the network and host IDs from an IP address and subnet mask.
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) A feature that automatically configures a network interface using an IPv4 address on the 169.254.0.0 network.
Broadcast The TCP/IP communication destined for all computers on a network.
Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) notation A notation that is often used to represent an IP address and its subnet mask.
default gateway The IP address of the router on the network used to send packets to remote networks.
domain name space (DNS) A hierarchical namespace used for host names.
Ethernet The most common media access method used in networks today.
fully qualified domain name (FQDN) A host name that follows DNS convention.
host ID The portion of an IP address that denotes the host.
host name A user-friendly name assigned to a computer.
hostname command A command used to display and change the host name of a computer.
ifconfig command A command used to display and modify the TCP/IP configuration information for a network interface.
insmod command A command used to insert a module into the Linux kernel.
Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) A protocol used by computers to obtain an IPv6 configuration from a router on the network.
Internet Protocol (IP) address A series of four 8-bit numbers that represents a computer on a network.
Internet service provider (ISP) A company that provides Internet access.
Internet Super Daemon (xinetd) A network daemon that is used to start other network daemons on demand.
ip command A command that can be used to manipulate the route table.
IP forwarding The act of forwarding TCP/IP packets from one network to another. See also Routing.
IP version 4 (IPv4) The most common version of IP used on the Internet. It uses a 32-bit addressing scheme organized into different classes.
IP version 6 (IPv6) A recent version of IP that is used by some hosts on the Internet. It uses a 128-bit addressing scheme.
link local The portion of an IPv6 address that refers to a unique computer. It is analogous to the host portion of an IPv4 address.
local area networks (LANs) The networks in which the computers are all in close physical proximity.
lsmod command A command used to list the modules that are currently used by the Linux kernel.
media access method A system that defines how computers on a network share access to the physical medium.
modprobe command A command used to insert a module into the Linux kernel.
multicast The TCP/IP communication destined for a certain group of computers.
multihomed hosts The computers that have more than one network interface.
Network Two or more computers joined together via network media and able to exchange information.
Network Address Translation (NAT) A technology used on routers that allows computers on a network to obtain Internet resources via a single network interface on the router itself.
Network Configuration tool A graphical utility in Fedora Linux that can be used to configure network settings for the NICs on the system.
network ID The portion of an IP address that denotes the network.
Network Manager A daemon that allows multiple network interfaces to be easily configured by users on the system.
network service A process that responds to network requests.
octet A portion of an IP address that represents eight binary bits.
Packets The packages of data formatted by a network protocol.
ping (Packet Internet Groper) command A command used to check TCP/IP connectivity on a network.
Port A number that uniquely identifies a network service.
Protocol A set of rules of communication used between computers on a network.
proxy server A network server that accepts Internet requests from other computers on the same LAN and obtains the desired resource on their behalf.
r commands See remote commands.
remote commands A set of commands (rsh, rlogin, and rcp) that can be used to perform remote administration on Linux and UNIX systems.
rmmod command A command used to remove a module from the Linux kernel.
route command A command that can be used to manipulate the route table.
route table A table of information used to indicate which networks are connected to network interfaces.
routers The devices capable of transferring packets from one network to another.
routing The act of forwarding data packets from one network to another.
Secure Shell (SSH) A technology that can be used to run remote applications on a Linux computer; it encrypts all client/server traffic.
ssh command A command that connects to a remote SSH daemon to perform remote administration.
stand-alone daemons The daemons that configure themselves at boot time without assistance from the Internet Super Daemon.
subnet mask A series of four 8-bit numbers that determines the network and host portions of an IP address.
subnetting The process in which a single large network is subdivided into several smaller networks to control traffic flow.
telnet command A command that can be used to run remote applications on a Linux computer.
Token Ring A popular media access method.
traceroute command A command used to trace the path a packet takes through routers to a destination host.
trusted access A configuration in which computers are allowed to access a given computer without having to provide a password first.
unicast The TCP/IP communication destined for a single computer.
User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol (UDP/IP) A faster but unreliable version of TCP/IP.
vncpasswd command A command used to set a VNC password for a user.
vncviewer command A client utility used to connect to a remote VNC server.
well-known ports Of the 65,535 possible ports, the ports from 0 to 1024 used by common networking services.
whois command A command used to obtain information about the organization that maintains a DNS domain.
wide area networks (WANs) The networks in which computers are separated geographically by large distances.
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