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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| apraxia | muscle strength normal, can't coordinate movements of tongue, lip, jaw |
| limb apraxia | can't move limbs when asked |
| apraxia of speech | can't start and do movement patterns when needed to make speech |
| apraxia of speech | no paralysis, weakness, discordination |
| apraxia causes? | lesions in Broca's area |
| apraxia causes? | stroke |
| apraxia causes? | injury to front and parietal regions |
| cause of apraxia? | seizure |
| speech problem with apraxia | put articulators in right places |
| speech problem with apraxia | more errors with consonants |
| speech problem with apraxia | words most said are pronounced the best |
| functional words | useful for everyday social interactions with medical staff, caregivers, and family |
| treatment of apraxia | raises speech production and intelligibility |
| treatment of apraxia | careful assessment |
| treatment of apraxia | focuses on getting functional communication |
| dysarthia | set of speech disorders due to paralysis, weakness or incoordination of speech muscles |
| cause of dysarthia | parkinson's |
| cause of dysarthia | cva |
| cause of dysarthia | tbi |
| respiratory problem of dysarthia | affect loudness, phrases and variations |
| respiratory problem of dysarthia | forced inspiration and expiration |
| respiratory problem of dysarthia | irregular breathing rate |
| respiratory problem of dysarthia | shallow, rapid, effortful breathing |
| respiratory problem of dysarthia | run out of air when talking |
| phonatory problem of dysarthia | monopitch, weak voice |
| phonatory problem of dysarthia | high pitch and low pitch for pitch breaks |
| phonatory problem of dysarthia | short variations in loudness |
| phonatory problem of dysarthia | breathy, harsh, hoarse voice |
| resonance problem for dysarthia | hypernasality, hyponasality |
| articulation problem for dysarthia | sounds made weakly |
| articulation problem for dysarthia | left out, hanged, imprecise |
| articulation problem for dysarthia | both consonants and vowels |
| prosodic problem for dysarthia | inappropriate rate |
| prosodic problem for dysarthia | pausing |
| prosodic problem for dysarthia | inappropriate stress on syllables |
| prosodic problem for dysarthia | no intonation |
| ataxic dysarthia | damage to cerebellum by stroke or tumor |
| ataxia | disturbed balance and sequenced movement due to damage to cerebellar system |
| flaccid dysarthia | cranial nerves that gives muscles in speech |
| spastic dysarthia | lesions in pyramidal and extrapyramidal system |
| hyperkinetic dysarthria | damage to basal ganglia |
| hypokinetic dysarthria | damage to basal ganglia |
| unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria | damage limited to motor neurons in one hemisphere |
| mixed dysarthria | more than one form |
| specific treatment goals | to raise intervention |
| dysarthria treatment | through assessment of neuromuscular |
| dysarthria treatment | depends on many factors but mainly nature and severity |
| respiratory problems | enough loudness, longer sentences and continuous speech |
| phonatory problems | more voice production, more speech, more utterances |
| resonance problems | lower hypernasality |
| articulation problems | more breath support, phonation |
| prosody | both voice and fluency |
| prosody | variations in rate, pitch, loudness, stress, intonation, and rhythm of speech |
| prosody problems | change pitch, loudness, rate, stress |
| prosody problems | may have to model or imitate |
| right hemisphere syndrome | attention and orientation |
| right hemisphere syndrome | visual perception |
| right hemisphere syndrome | spatial awareness |
| right hemisphere syndrome | emotional experiences and expressions |
| right hemisphere syndrome | certain parts of communication |
| certain aspects of communication | talk comprehension and production |
| certain aspects of communication | understand implied meaning |
| certain aspects of communication | understand emotional tone |
| certain aspects of communication | understand prosody |
| certain aspects of communication | understand context |
| certain aspects of communication | pragmatic skills |
| what causes right hemisphere syndrome? | stroke, tumor, head trauma, Alzheimer's |
| spatial disorientation | common, last awhile |
| spatial disorientation | can't find a way home and a map is pointless |
| geographic disorientation | think in different city or hospital than actually are |
| reduplicative paramnesia | existence more places and people that are exactly the same |
| prosopagnosia | facial recognition deficits |
| prosopagnosia | don't recognize familiar faces only when hear voice |
| affective deficits | don't express emotion well and understand |
| affective deficits | tone of voice and facial expression |
| reasoning and planning deficits | plan, organize, problem solving |
| communicative deficits | humor at wrong times, ramble |
| communicative deficits | by attention deficits, disorientation and left neglect |
| communicative deficits | don't put apart important info |
| communicative deficits | don't get abstract meanings such as idioms |
| communicative deficits | don't stay on topic or take turns |
| treatment of right hemisphere syndrome | systematic observation, do given activities, standardized test and skills |
| treatment of right hemisphere syndrome | impaired skills of attention and left neglect |
| treatment of right hemisphere syndrome | design procedures to raise attention |
| dementia normally occurs in? | older people |
| dementia | intellectual deterioration and bad behavior changes |
| intellectual and behavioral problems with dementia | Alzhemier's |
| intellectual and behavioral problems with dementia | slow onset |
| intellectual and behavioral problems with dementia | subtle memory problems |
| communication problems with dementia | evolve and deteriorate over time |
| communication problems with dementia | mild naming problems get worse |
| communication problems with dementia | understanding to describing |
| communication problems with dementia | don't stay on topic and clarification |
| treatment and rehab of people with dementia | multidisciplinary |
| treatment and rehab of people with dementia | comprehensive assessment with autsopy |
| rehab of people with dementia | clinical management |
| rehab with dementia | work with maintenance |
| rehab with dementia | memory book |
| rehab with dementia | written schedule |
| communication problem with TBI | dysarthria |
| communication problem with TBI | question language |
| communication problem with TBI | anomia |
| communication problem with TBI | perseverative verbal response |
| communication problem with TBI | hard language comprehension |
| communication problem with TBI | pragmatic problems |
| communication problem with TBI | rambling |
| treatment of TBI | orientation, memory, narrative skills, turn taking, topic maintenance, topic initiation, no irrelevant responses, speech intelligibility |
| treatment targets for TBI | must be functional |
| treatment targets for TBI | start with effective communication then articulation, grammar, etc |
| cause of dysphagia | stroke |
| cause of dysphagia | neurological and degenerative disorder |
| cause of dysphagia | tumor |
| cause of dysphagia | surgery |
| cause of dysphagia | chemo |
| cause of dysphagia | brain injury |
| cause of dysphagia | HIV/AIDS |
| assessment of dysphagia | bedside swallow exam |
| assessment of dysphagia | videoflouroscopy/modified Barium swallow study |
| indirect treatment of dysphagia | tongue exercises, no food or liquid used |
| direct treatment of dysphagia | food and liquid used to promote safe swallowing |
| medical management | tube feeding and surgery |
| voice can? | hide messages or give messages different than that by words |
| voice can? | unique |
| voice can? | how pleasant/unpleasant speaker sounds |
| organic voice disorders | structural deviation or change in phonatory part |
| organic voice disorders | physical disease |
| functional voice disorders | not with tissue changes in vocal folds and related structures |
| organic disorders | thought to be made by problem in neurophysiological part of speech |
| functional disorders | idiopathic |
| functional disorders | no demonstrable organic or neurologic cause |
| functional disorders | faulty learning, environment, habits, emotions, unknown |
| thinner, shorter pitch | higher frequency and higher pitch |
| longer, thicker fold | lower frequency and lower pitch |
| the greater the frequency of vocal fold is what pitch? | higher |
| pitch | variations in frequency in which folds vibrate |
| fundamental frequency | average rate at which folds tend to vibrate |
| fundamental frequency | habitual for each individual |
| harshness | irregular vibration of folds |
| harsh voice | unpleasant, rough, gravelly |
| harsh voice | higher tension in folds |
| hoarse voice | both harsh and breathy |
| resonance | gives additional characteristics change of sound by structures where sound passes |
| loudness | found by intensity of sound signal |
| loudness | depends on extent to which vibrating object moves air particles |
| the higher the sound the higher the what? | amplitude |
| breathiness | may be due to vocal nodules |
| breathiness | folds not completely close |
| breathy voice | produced with less than optimum amount |
| interview and history | birth, physical, social, behavioral change, education and communication |
| interview and history | meet parents |
| interview and history | find out how they see problem |
| disorders of loudness | loudness varies on people and times rarely seek help |
| disorders of loudness | with other voice disorders |
| disorders of loudness | believe psychological problems |
| disorders of loudness | keep air pressure as speaking |
| what is the typical pitch disorder? | either too high or too low pitch |
| typical pitch disorder | considers speaker's age and gender |
| high pitch in the female | rare |
| high pitch in the female | does not change as dramatically as the male |
| high pitch in the female | noticeable |
| pitch disorders due to hormonal changes | more frequent in females |
| pitch disorders due to hormonal changes | pitch changes |
| quality | complexity of sound waves |
| what are three main problems with quality? | breathiness, harshness, and hoarseness |
| breathiness | air leak and the resulting noise |
| breathiness | vocal folds slightly open in phonation |
| breathiness | sounds like a whisper |
| breathiness | may be habitual |
| breathiness | cause is neurological, nodule swelling, cancer growth |
| harsh voice | unpleasant, rough, strident, grating sound |
| harsh voice | more muscular tension |
| harsh voice | vocal folds are too tight |
| harsh voice | caused by neurological disease or structural alteration |
| harsh voice | go to voice therapy |
| hoarse | both harsh and breathy |
| hoarse | show serious laryngeal pathology cold |
| hoarse | irregular vocal fold vibrations |
| hoarse | caused by laryngitis, neurological diseases or abnormal fold growth |
| how do you cure hoarse voice? | go to voice therapy |
| resonance | low resonance is bad |
| resonance | when structures of throat, mouth and nose change sound larynx makes |
| disorders of oral resonance | shape and size of the cavity |
| disorders of oral resonance | by place of tongue during phonation and jaw movement |
| disorders of oral resonance | tongue is in the front to make immature voice |
| cul-de-sac resonance | oral cavity partially closed at back and open in front |
| cul-de-sac resonance | distorted voice and resonance |
| cul-de-sac resonance | no organic deviations |
| disorders of nasal resonance | velopharyngeal mechanism |
| disorders of nasal resonance | oral and nasal cavities |
| disorders of nasal resonance | soft palate and throat |
| disorders of nasal resonance | vowel sounds |
| velopharyngeal inadequacy | hypernasality |
| velopharyngeal inadequacy | muscle of soft palate reduced |
| velopharyngeal inadequacy | do not get closure |
| adenoidectomy/ tonsillectomy | hypernasality |
| adenoidectomy/ tonsillectomy | initially do not have enough muscle mass |
| paralysis of velum | hyper nasality organic cause |
| paralysis of velum | complete or partial, does not help in closure |
| paralysis of velum | cerebral palsy or stroke |
| deafness | hypernasality |
| deafness | have good velopharyngeal mechanism but do not use it well for speech |
| deafness | cannot monitor nasality |
| functional hypernasality | not a defect |
| functional hypernasality | hallmark of voice |
| if functional hyper nasality gets too excessive? | get therapy |
| functional hypernasality in cleft palate? | surgically treated |
| biofeedback is a good treatment for? | hypernasality |
| what is biofeedback? | electronic instruments show amount of oral and nasal resonance as a person talks |
| what does vocal fold paralysis cause? | aphonia |
| vocal fold paralysis | does not sound normal |
| vocal fold paralysis is a concern for? | breathing and swallowing |
| carcinoma | laryngeal cancer |
| carcinoma affects what gender the most? | men |
| a malignant tumor | affects one or both folds |
| a sign of carcinoma is? | hoarseness, hard to swallow, throat pain |
| to solve carcinoma? | surgery, chemo therapy or irradiation |
| when you get a laryngectomy | the valve and structures are removed |
| who gets a laryngectomy? | patient without normal part of sound making |
| with a laryngectomy how does a patient breathe? | through a trachea |
| after someone gets a laryngectomy? | speech treatment and see a pathologist for retraining without help of vocal folds |
| vocally abusive behavior problems can cause? | physical damage |
| vocal folds are | sensitive |
| what are some vocally abusive behaviors? | more shouting, screaming, cheering, coughing or clearing throat |
| vocally abusive behaviors deal with? | inappropriate loudness or pitch |
| what are vocal nodules? | small nodes form on folds and come from surrounding cells |
| what color are vocal nodules? | white or gray |
| vocal nodules are formed from | hoarseness |
| vocal nodules are seen in? | children who scream and yell |
| how do you get rid of vocal nodules? | voice therapy to remove and rest |
| what are polyps? | masses that grow and bulge out of surrounding tissue |
| polyps are | unilateral |
| polyps are more found | adults more than children |
| how do you remove polyps? | remove by surgery |
| what are contact ulcers? | sores from one or both sides of back of folds |
| who is affected by contact ulcers? | adult males mostly |
| contact ulcers need | medical attention |
| vocal fold thickening is caused by? | vocally abusive behaviors |
| vocal fold thickening | excessive effort, coughing, throat-clearing, prolonged abuse |
| laryngitis | inflammation of membranes of larynx |
| laryngitis | swelling of membrane |
| traumatic laryngitis | vocally abusive behaviors |
| traumatic laryngitis | continuous yelling. crying more laughing |
| how do you solve voice therapy? | vocal therapy with rest |
| spasmodic dysphonia | neurological, behavioral, unknown |
| spasmodic dysphonia is seen more in? | adults over the age of forty |
| if you have spasmodic dysphonia to treat it you will | voice therapy |
| medical evaluation | by an ENT |
| medical evaluation determines what? | if there is a laryngeal disease |
| medical evaluations use a | endoscope |
| what is the first step of a voice evaluation | patient history |
| second step | interview |
| third step | oral-periphel exam |
| fourth step | hearing screening |
| fifth | speech and language sample |
| sixth | measure and test behaviors |
| seventh | recommendation |
| eighth | report |
| why is loudness hard to measure and judge? | there is no standard |
| why is loudness hard to measure and judge? | clients speak loud but soft there |
| why is loudness hard to measure and judge | varies on situation |
| clefts | openings that go through one or more structures normally closed |
| clefts | not grow |
| what is the new name for mental retardation? | intellectual disability |
| how are swallowing disorders assessed? | team specialists and SLPs |
| how are swallowing disorders assessed? | use video fluoroscopy of x-ray pictures |
| what does a person respond to when in a coma? | unconscious, unresponsive to most stimuli |
| cause of TBI? | automobile accident |
| cause of TBI | pedestrian accident |
| cause of TBI | motorcycle |
| cause of TBI | child abuse |
| cause of TBI | accidental fall |
| compensatory articulation | child or adult's try to make speech sounds in weird ways because of psychologic deficiencies |
| compensatory articulation | distorted or faulty |
| compensatory articulation | sounds to back |
| vocal fold thickening happens because of? | vocally abusive behaviors |
| vocal fold thickening | excessive effort in coughing, throat-clearing, prolonged abuse |
| cleft lip | opening in upper lip |
| quadriplegia | all four limbs involved |
| what are the three types of common classification for cerebral palsy? | spastic, athetoid, ataxic |
| spasticity | more tone or rigidity of muscles in rigid, abrupt, jerky, slow labored movement |
| spasticity is in | sixty percent of children with cerebral palsy |
| pyramidal motor pathways cause spacity by? | injury |
| pyramidal motor pathways | cortical centers of motor control |
| pyramidal motor pathways | brain stem and spinal cord |
| athetosis | series of movements that are slow, involuntary, writhing and wormlike |
| athetosis | feel inward and fingers overextended |
| extra pyramidal pathway | fibers go indirect route to final destination |
| injury to the extra pyramidal pathway? | athetosis |
| pyramidal pathway | bundle of nerve fibers start in motor cortex and travel right to brain stem and spinal cord |
| what is ataxia? | disturbed balance and movement for abnormal walk |
| ataxia | clumsy, awkward, uncoordinated, misdirected |
| what is ataxia caused by? | injury to the cerebellum |
| how is the speech of children with cerebral palsy? | does not flow naturally and easily, not fluent |
| speech of children with cerebral palsy? | short phrases and many interruptions |
| cerebral palsy intelluctual disabilities | from brain injury |
| intelectual disabilities are seen in what percentage of children with cerebral palsy? | fifty percent |
| intelectual disabilities varies among | children |
| hearing impairment with cerebral palsy | common |
| what is strabismus? | a visual impairment |
| in strabismus? | the eyes can't focus together |
| what does als stand for? | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| als is? | degenerative, motor neurons lower muscle function |
| als affects what? | speech intelligibility |
| what is a behavioral disorder associated with cerebral palsy? | distracted when learning |
| behavioral disorder associated with cerebral palsy? | inappropriate emotional responses and temper tantrums |
| behavioral disorder associated with cerebral palsy? | withdraw in society |
| epilepsy | seizure disorder found in patients with brain injury |
| rehab for patients with cerebral palsy? | go to a hospital with a rehab department, specialist team |
| rehab for patients with cerebral palsy? | medical and non medical specialists |
| speech and language treatment is at what rate? | slower |
| speech and language treatment focuses on? | correct pronunciation of speech words |
| speech and language treatment focus | simple words and phrases |
| context bound is for? | autistic learning |
| context bound | restricted sense and context |
| for context bound you do not do what? | generalize |
| echolalia | parrot-like repetition of something, attempts at communication |
| pronoun reversal | refer to themselves as you, he or she |
| rett syndrome is? | genetically based neurologic disorder |
| rett syndrome is mainly found in what gender? | females |
| when is rett syndrome normal? | during six to eighteen months |
| in rett syndrome? | can not control in hand movements and has walk disturbances |
| childhood disintegrative disorder | first two years has normal development then it decreases |
| when is childhood disintegrative disorder diagnosed? | three to four years of age |
| childhood disintegrative disorder affects? | social, verbal, self-help, motor skills |
| childhood disintegrative disorder? | preoccupied with certain things |
| syndrome | constellation of symptoms that say a clinical condition |
| how may apert syndrome be caused? | by genetic mutation |
| apert syndrome? | when embryonic stage different bones fuse prematurely |
| hypernasality | excessive nasal resonance on oral speech sounds |
| hyponasality | too little nasal resonance on nasal speech sounds |
| fragile x syndrome | genetic with intellectuals and communication problems |
| fragile x syndrome is most commonly seen in? | males |
| prader-will syndrome | intellectual disability |
| prader-will syndrome | speech and language delay |
| cri-du-chat syndrome | deals with babies who cry in high-pitch |
| cri-du-chat syndrome | lose weight and slow growth |
| tourette's syndrome | genetic syndrome by tics |
| tics | compulsive movements |
| tourette's syndrome is not | neurological |
| williams syndrome | small boned body etc |
| in williams syndrome intellectual disabilities are | common |
| williams syndrome people insist on? | having conversation with strangers |
| intellectual disabilities | when child or adult experiences limitations in intellectual functioning, low social behaviors and low living skills |
| when is an intellectual disability diagnosed? | when the iq is below 70 |
| mild | 50-70 |
| moderate | 35-50 |
| severe | 35 and lower |
| factor associated with intellectual disability | genetic syndrome |
| factor associated with intellectual disability | prenatal, perinatal and postnatal |
| communication disorder with someone who has an intellectual disability | no abnormal language |
| mild intellectual disability communication skills are | few errors and moderate disabilities |
| syntactic difficulty in id | slower in putting words into phrases and sentences |
| syntactic difficulty | limited language |
| syntactic difficulty | don't start conversations |
| minimally verbal or nonverbal | children with severe oral communication deficits |
| prosthodontist | specialist who can design and fit many kinds of devices that help improve function of oral structures |
| aphasia | language problem |
| aphasia is caused by | stroke and others hurt left cerebral hemisphere |
| what are three motor speech disorders? | apraxia, childhood apraxia of speech and dysarthia |
| what are the neurologically based disorders? | aphasia, apraxia, childhood apraxia, dysarthia, right hemisphere syndrome, dementia, traumatic brain injury |
| autopsy | method clinical scientists use to find what parts of brain control what functions |
| neurosurgery | method with clinical scientists to study brain-language relationship |
| neurosurgery | is highly reliable with direct data |
| what is a brain imagining device used for? | relationship of language and the brain |
| brain imaging devices diagnose what? | tumors and alzheimer's |
| ct scan | early technique |
| ct scan | x-ray scanner goes around head to make pictures of brain |
| ct scan finds what? | tumors and recent hemorrhages |
| ct scans diagnose what? | strokes and aphasia |
| two distinct sets of disorders: | neurophysiological and swallowing |
| fmri | changes in blood oxygen levels and blood flow |
| fmri | x-ray no radioactive material |
| rcbf | trace blood flow to parts that are more active than other areas |
| pet | metabolic rate of different brain areas |
| sites of particular language functions? | not the same for all individuals |
| only main are that is the same is? | back with speech production |
| aphasia | language disorder affects all parts of social communication and participation |
| aphasia is caused by | recent brain injury such as a stroke or tumor |
| vascular diseases | hardening of cerebral artery |
| embolus | blood clot, fatty material, air bubble stops blood flow |
| embolus may start? | stroke |
| thrombosis | stationary blood clot |
| stroke causes | high blood pressure, high cholesterol, vascular disorders |
| aneurysm | sack-like bulge which ruptures the cerebral hemmorhage |
| aneurysm is because | lack of blood flow and oxygen supply |
| brain tumors | primary intracranial tumors |
| what could a brain injury be due to? | car accidents or motorcycle accidents |
| verbal paraphasia | put words with meanings similar to right word |
| phonemic paraphasia | some substituted words and sounds right based on similarity |
| neologism | make new words which are meaningless |
| agrammatism | leave out certain grammatical elements |
| verbal stereotypes | say same words and phrases over and over again |
| verbal stereotypes may be | obscene |
| comprehension problems | not understand speech of others |
| visual agnosia | not say something by seeing it, must touch it |
| auditory verbal agnosia | patient not see meaning of word unless the word is shown |
| nonfluent aphasia | broca's, transcortical motor, global |
| fluent aphasia | Wernicke's, conduction, anomic |
| what do clinician's measure and test of aphasia? | general language, functional communication, auditory understanding, oral expressive, reading and writing, gestures and nonverbal, conversational |
| steps to assess aphasia | client history, interview client and family, orofacial exam, hearing screening, speech and language sample, measure and test |
| functional assessment | how patient communicates in everyday situations |
| treatment of aphasia | individualized, functionality |
| main targets for treating apraxia | higher speech production, higher intelligibility, functional communication |
| individualized treatment of aphasia | certain target behaviors |
| treatment of aphasia | focus on functional treatment |
| baselines | measures of what client can and can't do without treatment |
| baselines | help see if patent improving after treatment |
| behavioral treatment of aphasia | specific stimuli, needed responses and consequences |
| when working with family members about aphasia | counsel the family |
| working with family about aphasia | help client regain skills, engage in conversation |
| working with family about aphasia | crucial |
| dementia | general word describing progressive diseases in nervous system |
| cleft palate incidence | one in 750 births |
| cleft palate incidence is highest in? | Chinese Americans |
| cleft palate is seen the most in what gender? | females |
| when is cleft palate generally diagnosed? | at birth |
| Alzheimer's | most common form of progressive dementia |
| Alzheimer's concerns | loss of remote memory and recent events |
| otorhinolaryngolgist | physician trained in medical and surgical management of disease of the ears, nose and in throat |
| types of vocal abuse | talkative children, most shouting, screaming, cheering and bad loudness of pitch |
| laryngeal trauma is seen in ? | children most |
| laryngeal trauma when | automobile accidents, bullet wounds and swallow toys |
| non penetrating brain injury | indirect brain damage, skull may not be amazed no penetration |
| penetrating brain injury | skull fractured or perforated, meninges torn and brain tissue damaged |
| traumatic brain injury | injury to brain kept by physical trauma or external force |
| spontaneous recovery | language performance gets better without SLP help |
| spontaneous recovery | recovery fast over the first weeks |
| anomia | don't name things objects and people |
| anomia is a | basic problem |
| anomia children | knew what to see but could not find the word |
| paraphasia | word substitution problem |
| paraphasia | words substituted wrong |
| jargon is mainly | fluent |
| jargon | irrelevant and meaningless |
| jargon | intonation normal |
| jargon | meaning is irrelevant or odd to asked question |
| agraphia deals with? | writing problems |
| alexia deals with? | reading problems |
| agnosias | hard time understanding sensory information |
| aphasia | language loss |
| aphasia | degree varies among people |
| oral apraxia | do not move muscles of throat, palate, tongue, cheeks for non speech ways |
| what are the three groups of children in which CAS is seen? | neurological problems, higher neurobehavioral disorders, not found neurologic/ neurobehavioral issues |
| childhood apraxia of speech | developmental apraxia of speech |
| childhood apraxia of speech | disturbance in precision and consistency of speech movements |
| left neglect and attention deficits | right side use only |
| dysphagia | swallowing food and liquid disorder |
| four pauses of swallowing | oral preparatory, oral, pharyngeal, esophageal |
| oral preparatory phase | first stage |
| oral preparatory phase | food in mouth |
| oral preparatory phase | teeth and tongue make blouses to swallow food mixed with saliva |
| oral phase | second stage |
| oral phase | tongue action |
| oral phase | move food to back of mouth |
| esophageal phase | fourth and last stage |
| esophageal phase | food to stomach |
| pharyngeal phase | third stage |
| pharyngeal phase | bolus goes through facial pillars go through pharynx |
| aphonia | complete loss of voice |
| aphonia is | rare but extreme |
| aphone is | whisper to communicate |
| functional aphonia | behaviorally psychological disorder |
| functional aphonia | dure to environmental causes |
| functional aphonia base | not organic |
| how to treat functional aphonia? | counseling or psychotherapy |
| organic aphonia | impaired, injured, absent structures |
| organic aphonia | may be temporary physical injury recover once treated |
| dysphonia | all other types of voice disorders |
| dysphonia | may hurt one or more things |
| dysphonia may affect what? | pitch, loudness |
| what is dysphonia caused by? | vocally abusive actions |
| papilloma | growth on laryngeal structures |
| papilloma | caused by virus |
| papilloma | found in children |
| how is papilloma treated? | surgically but may come back |
| jobs at risk for vocal nodules? | constant and intense use of voice |
| jobs at risk for vocal nodules? | teachers, preachers, and singers |
| habitual pitch | typical pitch |
| optimal pitch | most comfortable, best and compatible pitch |
| craniofacial anomalies | group of genetic and congenital conditions affect growth and function of face mouth and head |
| cleft palate | opening going through the soft palate and bony roof of mouth |
| feeding b |
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