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Computer Network
Module 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Broadcast Domain | Logically grouped network nodes that can communicate directly via broadcast transmission |
| Collision Domain | The portion of an ethernet network in which collisions could occur if two nodes transmit data at the same time. |
| Convergence time | The time it takes for a router to recognize a best path in the event of a change or network outrage |
| Exterior Router | A router that directs data between nodes outside a given autonomous LAN, for example, routers used on the Internet's backbone. |
| Gateway (def) | A combination of networking hardware and software that connects two dissimilar kinds of networks. |
| Interior Router | A router that directs data between nodes on an autonomous LAN |
| Modular router | A router with multiple slots that can hold different interface cards or other devices so as to provide flexible, customizable network interoperability |
| VLAN | A network within a network that is logically defined by grouping its devices' switch ports in the same broadcast domain |
| Hardware and Device Interfaces | •NIC (network interface card, network adapter) •Rated by topology designed for, network speed and PC Interface |
| At what layer of the OSI Model do NICs reside? | Physical and Data Link |
| Interfaces may have | auto-speed sensing, DMA, diagnostic indicators, SNMP, RAM or Flash ROM |
| Factors to be considered when choosing a network adapter | network technology and host |
| Software that enables communication between a NIC and the operating system is called | Device driver |
| Connectivity Older devices | Repeaters and Bridges |
| Connectivity Newer devices | hubs, switches and routers |
| Hubs Connectivity device | creates one collision domain and one broadcast domain |
| Hubs (multi-port repeaters) | • Receive a signal in one port, regenerate the signal and retransmit it on all the other ports •May or may not have an uplink port |
| Hubs different configurations | o Rack-mounted or desktop designs o Multi-speed sensing abilities o Passive, stackable, or modular, and offer a console port, backbone port, link activity indicators, and collision indicators |
| Hubs factors to consider when selecting a hub include | logical/physical topology, speed, media, performance, cost, scalability, security, management, and reliability |
| Hubs latency level | lowest (process the signals quicker than switches or routers) |
| Switches Connectivity device | creates multiple collision domains and one broadcast domain |
| Switches different configurations | oRack-mounted or desktop designs oMulti-speed sensing abilities oPassive, stackable, or modular, and offer a console port, backbone port, link activity indicators, and collision indicators |
| Switch factors to consider when selecting a switch include | logical/physical topology, speed, media, performance, cost, scalability, security, management, and reliability |
| Switches (multi-port bridges) | •Receive a signal in one port and direct the signal out the destination device port •Reside at the data link layer and interpret MAC addresses •Transparent installation (Minimal administration in most cases) |
| Two common switch modes | Store & Forward mode and Cut-through mode |
| Identify two advantages of switches over routers. | better security and better performance |
| How can cut-through switches increase errors on a network? | Cannot detect corrupt packages |
| Which switching method (mode) is more appropriate for larger networks? | Store and Forward Mode |
| Routers | •Ultimate connectivity device •Connect dissimilar network types, speeds, protocols and topologies •Can be used to segment LAN devices, but major use is WAN connectivity •WAN technologies frequently connect routers |
| Special Special purpose computer | oProcessor, memory, input/output ports, operating system and power supply oFixed or modular configuration oFeature WAN and LAN ports |
| At what layer of the OSI model are routers found? | Network Layer |
| Internet backbone routers are known as: | Exterior Router |
| Two main router functions: | oSelection of best paths for incoming data packets oSwitching packets to the proper outgoing interface |
| Routers make decisions based on | network (logical) addresses |
| Routing tables are maintained | dynamically (by routing protocols) |
| Routers operate at this latency level | highest |
| What are routing protocols used for? | To collect data about current network status and contribute to the selection of the best path |
| Which routing protocol is used on the Internet backbone? | Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) |
| Gateways | •Connection points between dissimilar network types •It can be hardware based, software based or both •Internet gateways are the most common |
| What kind of gateway blocks or filters traffic between networks? | Firewall |
| Transceivers | o Devices that act as adapters o Commonly have DB-15 connection on one end and desired network connection on the other end. May have diagnostic indicators for performance status or T/S |
| Equipment racks | o Used to mount equipment. May be open or closed and have sophisticated cooling systems or simple fans. Free standing or wall mounted o Range from small 4-inch patch panel units to full height, 84-inch units |
| Raceways | oHold network (and other) media, protect it and create neat/clean media installations oCome in many widths and can be metal or plastic |
| Patch panels | oCentral connection point devices that allows for easy device hookup oModular or fixed, come in many different designs, numbers of ports and standards |
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booaphi
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