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SB82 VascularSurgery
SB82 Vascular Surgery from Fiser's ABSITE review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most common congenital hypercoagulable disorder ___________ | Factor V Leiden |
| Problem seen in Factor V Leiden is resistance to ____________ | Activated Protein C |
| Most common acquired hypercoagulability disorder ____________ | Smoking |
| The first stage of atherosclerosis involves these cells ___________ | Foam cells |
| What are foam cells? | Macrophages that have absorbed fat and lipids in the vesel wall |
| Describe the second stage of atherosclerosis. | Smooth muscle cell proliferation; caused be GFs released from foam cells; causes vessel wall injury |
| What is the third stage of atherosclerosis?___________ | Intimal disruption |
| What is the pathophysiology of the third stage of atherosclerosis? | Smooth muscle cell proliferation causes exposure of collagen in vessel wall, which leads to eventual thrombus formation with fibrous plaques overlying atheromas |
| Third most common cause of death in the US is due to _______________ | Stroke |
| Most important risk factor for stroke in asymptomatic patients _________ | Hypertension |
| Carotid arteries supply _____________% of the blood flow to the brain | Eighty-five |
| The most common site of carotid stenosis is at the ______________ | Bifurcation |
| Describe the flow in the ECA vs. the ICA. | ECA has triphasic flow; ICA has continuous forward flow. |
| First branch of the external carotid artery: _______________ | Superior Thyroid Artery |
| First branch of the internal carotid artery: _______________ | Ophthalmic Artery |
| Communication between the ICA and the ECA occurs through these 2 vessels. | Ophthalmic artery (off ICA) and internal maxillary artery (off ECA) |
| Most commonly diseased intracranial artery ________________ | MCA |
| Most common cause of cerebral ischemic events ____________ | arterial embolization from ICA |
| Occlusion of ophthalmic branch of ICA causing transient visual changes is called _____________ | Amaurosis fugax |
| Carotid endarterectomy should be considered in patients with > _________ % stenosis and _________ | Seventy, symptoms |
| When should you place a shunt during carotid endarterecomy? | hen stump pressures are below 50 |
| If a patient has bilateral carotid stenosis, which side should you repair first? _________ | The tighter side |
| The cranial nerve most commonly injured in CEA is the ____________ nerve | Vagus |
| Patient has difficuly swallowing following CEA. Which nerve was likely injured? ____________ | Glossopharyngeal |
| This nerve may be injured during CEA and cause paralysis of strap muscles. ________ | Ansa Cervicalis |
| Post-CEA patients may develop hypertension 20% of the time due to injury of ___________ | Carotid Body |
| Most common non-stroke morbidity and mortality following CEA ____________ | Myocardial Infarction |
| The restenosis rate following CEA is _____% | Fifteen |
| Criterion 1 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is age greater than ______ years old | Eighty |
| Criterion 2 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is ______ | CAD |
| Criterion 3 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is acute MI in past _______ weeks or CABG in prior ______ months | four, six |
| Criterion 4 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is _______________ | CHF |
| Criterion 5 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is ___________ | Dialysis-dependent renal failure |
| Criterion 6 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is ___________ | Severe COPD |
| Symptomatic vertebral disease usually occurs at this location _______________ | Bilaterally at origins |
| Symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency | Diplopia, dysarthria, vertigo, tinnitus, drop attacks, incoordination, binocular vision loss |
| Painless neck mass near bifurcation of carotids ______ | Carotid body tumor |
| Carotid body tumors are composed of this cell type _________ | Neural crest cells |
| Treatment of carotid body tumors ________ | Resection |
| Thoracic aortic transection is usually caused by _________________ injury | Deceleration |
| Thoracic aorta transection usually tears at the location of the _______ | Ligamentum arteriosum |
| This percentage of patients with thoracic aorta transection die at the scene ______ | Ninety |
| Mediastinal widening may occur after thoracic aorta transection due to ___________ injury rather than leaking directly from the aorta | Bridging vessels |
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