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Chapter. 5 Histology
Chapter 5 Histology Review Activity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (T/F) Not all cartilage is covered by a fibrous perichondrium | T |
| (T/F) Metaplasia is abnormal tissue growth whereas neoplasia is normal, health tissue transformation | F |
| (T/F) Adipocytes are limited to adipose tissue | F |
| (T/F) The stroma of a gland is involved in secretion | F |
| (T/F) All cells of a pseudostratified columnar epithelium contact the basement membrane | T |
| (T/F) The esophagus is protected from abrasion by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium | T |
| (T/F) Nerve and muscle cells are not the body's only electrically excitable cell | T |
| (T/F) Tight junctions function primarily to prevent cells from pulling apart | F |
| (T/F) In all connective tissues, the matrix occupies more space than the cells do | F |
| (T/F) All skeletal muscle is attached to bones | F |
| The external surface of the stomach is covered by a ___ membrane | Serous |
| The seminiferous tubule of the testis is lined with ___ epithelium | Stratified cuboidal |
| Encircle epithelial cells, joining each cell securely to the other | Tight cell junctions |
| Transitional epithelium is found primarily in the __ system | Urinary |
| The collagen of areolar tissue is produced by ___ | Fibroblasts |
| The prefix "histo-" refers to | Tissues |
| ___ CT is used for energy storage, thermal insulation and heat production | Adipose |
| Tendons are composed of ___ CT | Dense regular |
| The shape of the external ear is due to___ | Elastic cartilage |
| The most abundant formed element of blood is ___ | Erythrocytes |
| ___ is the adult body's most significant and most abundant adipose tissue | Yellow fat |
| The connections between one cell and another are called | Cell junctions |
| Within the skin, the ___ separates the upper layers of epithelial tissue from the connective tissue below | Basement membrane |
| A single layer of square to almost rounded cells | Simple cuboidal epithelium |
| Occur in small numbers in mature organs/tissues through a person's life and have the ability to differentiate into a limited number of cell types | Adult stem cells |
| Most embryonic and childhood growth occurs by ___, tissue growth through cell multiplication | Hyperplasia |
| Development of more specialized form and function | Differentiation |
| Undifferentiated cells | Stem cells |
| Stems cells with the potential to develop into any type of fully specialized cell | Totipotent |
| Stem cells in which plasticity is somewhat limited | Pluripotent |
| Stem cell with ability to develop into 2+ different cell lines but not just any type of cell | Multipotent |
| Replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same cell time present beforehand | Regeneration |
| Replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue | Fibrosis |
| Muscle cells become smaller due to disuse | Disuse atrophy |
| Premature, pathological tissue death due to trauma, toxins or infections | Necrosis |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death |
| Artificial production of tissues and organs in the laboratory for implantation in the human body | Tissue engineering |
| Consists of long threadlike cells called fibers | Skeletal muscle |
| Basis for excitation | Membrane potential |
| Constitutes most of the volume of the nervous system | Glial cells |
| Densely packed, parallel, often wavy collagen fibers | Dense regular connective tissue |
| Found predominantly in the heart | Cardiac muscle |
| Gland which maintains contact with surface/cavity by means of a duct | Exocrine gland |
| Gland which secretes secretions by exocytosis | Merocrine gland |
| Glandular secretion contains the product and the disintegrated cellular parts | Holocrine gland |
| Lacks striations and is involuntary | Smooth muscle |
| Loose network of reticular fibers and cells, infiltrated with numerous leukocytes | Reticular tissue |
| Loosely binds epithelia to deeper tissues and allows passage of nerves and blood vessels | Areolar tissue |
| Muscular rings or cuffs that open and close body passages | Sphincters |
| Product of a gland which is beneficial to the body | Secretion |
| Type of gland which releases products into the blood stream, no duct | Endocrine gland |
| Waste product removed by means of a gland | Excretion |
| In addition to cells, ___ composes the majority of most tissues | Matrix |
| Formed element which transports gases through the bloodstream | Red blood cells |
| Formed element within blood that functions in immunity | White blood cells |
| Found in fetuses, infants and children and stores lipids in the form of multiple globules rather than one large one - easier to break down | Brown fat |
| Relatively stiff connective tissue with a flexible rubbery matrix | Cartilage |
| Osseous tissue | Bone |
| Programmed cell death | Apoptosis |
| Hereditary defect in elastin which tends to show up in a patient as hyper-extensible joints, visual problems, abnormally long limbs and tall stature | Marfan Syndrome |
| Occupies "empty space" within a tissue | Ground substance |
| Fluid connective tissue that travels through tubular vessels carrying nutrients throughout the body | Blood |
| What term is missing from this list? Serous, mucous, ___ synovial. | Cutaneous |
| What term is missing from this list? Serous, mucous, ___, mixed | Cytogenic |
| The ability to react to even the slightest stimulus defines our nervous and muscular tissues as ___ | Excitable tissues |
| Study of tissues | Histology |
| Group of similar cells and cell products that arise from the same region of the embryo and work together to perform a function | Tissue |
| Clear gel composing the matrix of a tissue | Ground substance |
| Tissue composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces, form glands, and serve for protection, secretion and absorption | Epithelial Tissue |
| Tissue with usually more matrix than cell volume, often specialized to support, bind and protect organs | Connective Tissue |
| Tissue containing excitable cells specialized for rapid transmission of coded information to other cells | Nervous Tissue |
| Tissue composed of elongated, excitable cells specialized for contraction | Muscle Tissue |
| First tissues which appear when the first cells begin to gather themselves into a tissue after fertilization | Primary germ layers |
| Outer layer that gives rise to epidermis | Ectoderm |
| Inner layer that gives rise to mucous membranes | Endoderm |
| Mesoderm becomes a gelatinous tissue called ___, which eventually gives rise to most connective tissues | Mesenchyme |
| Chemical which prevents decay and is used to prepare many histological sections | Fixative |
| No room between cells for blood vessels | Avascular |
| Durable, water-proofing protein | Keratin |
| Wine-glass shaped mucous producing cells | Goblet |
| Separation of dead cells from the surface of the skin | Exfoliation |
| Allows rapid diffusion or transport of substances through membrane | Simple squamous epithelium |
| Functions in absorption and secretion as well as the production of mucous | Simple cuboidal epithelium |
| Plays a role in the movement of egg and embryo through uterine tub | Simple columnar epithelium |
| Secrets and propels mucous | Pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
| Resist abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms while resisting water through skin | Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| Contributes to sweat secretion; secretes ovarian hormones and producing sperm | Stratified cuboidal epithelium |
| Stretches to allow filling of urinary tract | Transitional epithelium |
| Large, fusiform cells that often show slender, wispy branches and produce ground substance that form matrix of CT | Fibroblasts |
| Large phagocytic cells that wander through the connective tissue | Macrophages |
| Often form dense patches in the mucous membranes | Lymphoctyes |
| White blood cells | Leukocytes |
| These fibers are tough and flexible and resist stretching | Collagenous fibers |
| Thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein | Reticular fibers |
| Thinner than collagen fibers, branch and rejoin each other along their coarse | Elastic fibers |
| CT in which much of the space is occupied by ground substance | Loose connective tissue |
| Chondro- | Cartilage |
| Peri- | Around |
| Named for it's clear, glassy microscopic appearance | Hyaline cartilage |
| Secrete matrix and surround themselves with it until they become trapped in little cavities called lacunae | Chondroblasts |
| Provides flexible, elastic support | Elastic cartilage |
| Resists compression and absorbs shock in some joints | Fibrocartilage |
| Eases joint movements, holds airway open during respiration, etc | Hyaline cartialge |
| Physical support of body, leverage for muscle action | Compact bone |
| Nerve cell | Neuron |
| Receive signals from other cells and conduct messages to the neurosoma | Dendrites |
| Sends outgoing signals to other cells | Nerve fiber or axon |
| Forms layers in the walls of the digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts | Visceral muscle |
| Completely encircles an epithelial cell near it's apical surface and joins it securely to neighboring cells | Tight junctions |
| Patch that holds cells together somewhat like the snap on a pair of jeans | Desmosome |
| Formed by a connexon, which consists of 6 transmembrane proteins arranged in a ring | Gap junction |
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SavannahElkins
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