Chapter 5 Histology Review Activity
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| (T/F) Not all cartilage is covered by a fibrous perichondrium | T
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| (T/F) Metaplasia is abnormal tissue growth whereas neoplasia is normal, health tissue transformation | F
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| (T/F) Adipocytes are limited to adipose tissue | F
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| (T/F) The stroma of a gland is involved in secretion | F
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| (T/F) All cells of a pseudostratified columnar epithelium contact the basement membrane | T
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| (T/F) The esophagus is protected from abrasion by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium | T
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| (T/F) Nerve and muscle cells are not the body's only electrically excitable cell | T
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| (T/F) Tight junctions function primarily to prevent cells from pulling apart | F
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| (T/F) In all connective tissues, the matrix occupies more space than the cells do | F
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| (T/F) All skeletal muscle is attached to bones | F
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| The external surface of the stomach is covered by a ___ membrane | Serous
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| The seminiferous tubule of the testis is lined with ___ epithelium | Stratified cuboidal
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| Encircle epithelial cells, joining each cell securely to the other | Tight cell junctions
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| Transitional epithelium is found primarily in the __ system | Urinary
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| The collagen of areolar tissue is produced by ___ | Fibroblasts
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| The prefix "histo-" refers to | Tissues
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| ___ CT is used for energy storage, thermal insulation and heat production | Adipose
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| Tendons are composed of ___ CT | Dense regular
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| The shape of the external ear is due to___ | Elastic cartilage
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| The most abundant formed element of blood is ___ | Erythrocytes
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| ___ is the adult body's most significant and most abundant adipose tissue | Yellow fat
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| The connections between one cell and another are called | Cell junctions
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| Within the skin, the ___ separates the upper layers of epithelial tissue from the connective tissue below | Basement membrane
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| A single layer of square to almost rounded cells | Simple cuboidal epithelium
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| Occur in small numbers in mature organs/tissues through a person's life and have the ability to differentiate into a limited number of cell types | Adult stem cells
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| Most embryonic and childhood growth occurs by ___, tissue growth through cell multiplication | Hyperplasia
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| Development of more specialized form and function | Differentiation
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| Undifferentiated cells | Stem cells
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| Stems cells with the potential to develop into any type of fully specialized cell | Totipotent
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| Stem cells in which plasticity is somewhat limited | Pluripotent
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| Stem cell with ability to develop into 2+ different cell lines but not just any type of cell | Multipotent
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| Replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same cell time present beforehand | Regeneration
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| Replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue | Fibrosis
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| Muscle cells become smaller due to disuse | Disuse atrophy
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| Premature, pathological tissue death due to trauma, toxins or infections | Necrosis
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| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death
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| Artificial production of tissues and organs in the laboratory for implantation in the human body | Tissue engineering
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| Consists of long threadlike cells called fibers | Skeletal muscle
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| Basis for excitation | Membrane potential
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| Constitutes most of the volume of the nervous system | Glial cells
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| Densely packed, parallel, often wavy collagen fibers | Dense regular connective tissue
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| Found predominantly in the heart | Cardiac muscle
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| Gland which maintains contact with surface/cavity by means of a duct | Exocrine gland
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| Gland which secretes secretions by exocytosis | Merocrine gland
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| Glandular secretion contains the product and the disintegrated cellular parts | Holocrine gland
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| Lacks striations and is involuntary | Smooth muscle
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| Loose network of reticular fibers and cells, infiltrated with numerous leukocytes | Reticular tissue
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| Loosely binds epithelia to deeper tissues and allows passage of nerves and blood vessels | Areolar tissue
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| Muscular rings or cuffs that open and close body passages | Sphincters
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| Product of a gland which is beneficial to the body | Secretion
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| Type of gland which releases products into the blood stream, no duct | Endocrine gland
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| Waste product removed by means of a gland | Excretion
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| In addition to cells, ___ composes the majority of most tissues | Matrix
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| Formed element which transports gases through the bloodstream | Red blood cells
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| Formed element within blood that functions in immunity | White blood cells
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| Found in fetuses, infants and children and stores lipids in the form of multiple globules rather than one large one - easier to break down | Brown fat
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| Relatively stiff connective tissue with a flexible rubbery matrix | Cartilage
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| Osseous tissue | Bone
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| Programmed cell death | Apoptosis
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| Hereditary defect in elastin which tends to show up in a patient as hyper-extensible joints, visual problems, abnormally long limbs and tall stature | Marfan Syndrome
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| Occupies "empty space" within a tissue | Ground substance
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| Fluid connective tissue that travels through tubular vessels carrying nutrients throughout the body | Blood
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| What term is missing from this list? Serous, mucous, ___ synovial. | Cutaneous
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| What term is missing from this list? Serous, mucous, ___, mixed | Cytogenic
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| The ability to react to even the slightest stimulus defines our nervous and muscular tissues as ___ | Excitable tissues
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| Study of tissues | Histology
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| Group of similar cells and cell products that arise from the same region of the embryo and work together to perform a function | Tissue
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| Clear gel composing the matrix of a tissue | Ground substance
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| Tissue composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces, form glands, and serve for protection, secretion and absorption | Epithelial Tissue
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| Tissue with usually more matrix than cell volume, often specialized to support, bind and protect organs | Connective Tissue
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| Tissue containing excitable cells specialized for rapid transmission of coded information to other cells | Nervous Tissue
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| Tissue composed of elongated, excitable cells specialized for contraction | Muscle Tissue
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| First tissues which appear when the first cells begin to gather themselves into a tissue after fertilization | Primary germ layers
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| Outer layer that gives rise to epidermis | Ectoderm
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| Inner layer that gives rise to mucous membranes | Endoderm
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| Mesoderm becomes a gelatinous tissue called ___, which eventually gives rise to most connective tissues | Mesenchyme
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| Chemical which prevents decay and is used to prepare many histological sections | Fixative
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| No room between cells for blood vessels | Avascular
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| Durable, water-proofing protein | Keratin
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| Wine-glass shaped mucous producing cells | Goblet
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| Separation of dead cells from the surface of the skin | Exfoliation
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| Allows rapid diffusion or transport of substances through membrane | Simple squamous epithelium
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| Functions in absorption and secretion as well as the production of mucous | Simple cuboidal epithelium
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| Plays a role in the movement of egg and embryo through uterine tub | Simple columnar epithelium
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| Secrets and propels mucous | Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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| Resist abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms while resisting water through skin | Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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| Contributes to sweat secretion; secretes ovarian hormones and producing sperm | Stratified cuboidal epithelium
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| Stretches to allow filling of urinary tract | Transitional epithelium
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| Large, fusiform cells that often show slender, wispy branches and produce ground substance that form matrix of CT | Fibroblasts
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| Large phagocytic cells that wander through the connective tissue | Macrophages
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| Often form dense patches in the mucous membranes | Lymphoctyes
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| White blood cells | Leukocytes
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| These fibers are tough and flexible and resist stretching | Collagenous fibers
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| Thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein | Reticular fibers
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| Thinner than collagen fibers, branch and rejoin each other along their coarse | Elastic fibers
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| CT in which much of the space is occupied by ground substance | Loose connective tissue
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| Chondro- | Cartilage
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| Peri- | Around
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| Named for it's clear, glassy microscopic appearance | Hyaline cartilage
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| Secrete matrix and surround themselves with it until they become trapped in little cavities called lacunae | Chondroblasts
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| Provides flexible, elastic support | Elastic cartilage
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| Resists compression and absorbs shock in some joints | Fibrocartilage
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| Eases joint movements, holds airway open during respiration, etc | Hyaline cartialge
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| Physical support of body, leverage for muscle action | Compact bone
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| Nerve cell | Neuron
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| Receive signals from other cells and conduct messages to the neurosoma | Dendrites
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| Sends outgoing signals to other cells | Nerve fiber or axon
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| Forms layers in the walls of the digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts | Visceral muscle
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| Completely encircles an epithelial cell near it's apical surface and joins it securely to neighboring cells | Tight junctions
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| Patch that holds cells together somewhat like the snap on a pair of jeans | Desmosome
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| Formed by a connexon, which consists of 6 transmembrane proteins arranged in a ring | Gap junction
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