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What is the cell theory?
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Vocab. Chap. 7
Cell Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are cells? | Cells are the basic units of life. |
| What is the cell theory? | The cell theory states: 1)All living things are composed of cells. 2)Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3)New cells are produced from existing cells. |
| What is the nucleus? | The nucleus is a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA. |
| What are eukaryotes? | Eukaryotes are cells that contain nuclei. |
| What are prokaryotes? | Prokaryotes are cells that do not contain nuclei. |
| What are organelles? | Organelles are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell. |
| What is cytoplasm? | Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. |
| What is the nuclear envelope? | It is a layer of two membranes that surround then nucleus of a cell. |
| What is chromatin? | The granular material you can see in the nucleus is called chromatin. |
| What are chromosomes? | Chromosomes are distinct, threadlike structures that contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. |
| What is the nucleolus? | The nucleolus is a small, dense region contained in most nuclei. |
| What are ribosomes? | Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. |
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum? | Eukaryotic cells also contain an internal membrane system known as the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| What are Golgi apparatus? | Golgi apparatus is a stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| What are lysosomes? | Lysosomes are samll organelles filled with enzymes. |
| What are vacuoles? | Vacuoles are saclike structures that cells use as storage areas. |
| What is the mitochondria? | Mitochondria are organelles that covert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. |
| What are chloroplasts? | Chloroplasts are organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and covert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. |
| What is the cytoskeleton? | Eukaryotic cells are given their shape and internal organization by a supporting structure known as the cytoskeleton. |
| What are centrioles? | Centrioles are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell devision. Centrioles are not found in plant cells. |
| What is the cell membrane? | All cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier known as the cell membrane. |
| What is the cell wall? | Many cells produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane called the cell wall. |
| What is a lipid bilayer? | The composition of nearly all cell membranes is a double-layered sheet called a lipid bilayer. |
| What is the concentration of a solution? | It is the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume. |
| What is diffusion? | Diffusion is the process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. |
| What is the equilibrium? | When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system, the system has reached equilibrium. |
| What is osmosis? | Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. |
| What is isotonic? | Isotonic is when the concentration of two solutions is the same. |
| What is hypertonic? | Hypertonic is when comparing two solutions, the solution with the creater concentration of the solutes. |
| What is hypotonic? | Hypotonic is when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of the solutes. |
| What is faciliated diffusion? | It is the movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels. |
| What is active transport? | Active transport is the energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference. |
| What is endocytosis? | Endocytosis is the process of taking material into the cell by means of infolding, or pockets, of the cell membrane. |
| What is phagocytosis? | It is the process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell. |
| What is pinocytosis? | It is the process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment. |
| What is exocytosis? | It is the process by which a cell releases large amounts of material. |
| What is cell specialization? | It is the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks. |
| What is an organ? | Groups of tissue working together is an organ. |
| What is an organ system? | A group of organs that work together to perfom a specific function is called an organ system. |
| What is a tissue? | A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a particular function. |
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audreynguyen
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