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BA115 Test 2
Ch 9-11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the creation of finished goods and services using the factors of production: land labor, capital, entrepreneurship, and knowledge | production |
| the term used to describe all the activities managers do to help their firms create goods | production management |
| a specialized area in management that converts or transforms resources (including human resources) into goods and services | operations management |
| the value producers add to materials in the creation of finished good and services | form utility |
| that part of the production process that physically or chemically changes materials | process manufacturing |
| that part of the production process that puts together components | assembly process |
| a production process in which long production runs turn out finished good over time | continuous process |
| a production process in which the production run is short and the machines are changed frequently to make different products | intermittent process |
| the use of computers in the design of products | computer aided design (CAD) |
| the use of computers in the manufacturing of products | computer aided manufacturing (CAM) |
| the uniting of computer aided design with computer aided manufacturing | computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) |
| designing machines to do multiple tasks so that they can produce a variety of products | flexible manufacturing |
| the production of goods using less of everything compared to mass production | lean manufacturing |
| tailoring products to meet the needs of individual customers | mass customization |
| the process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operations | facility location |
| working from home via computer and modem | telecommuting |
| the physical arrangement of resources (including people) in the production process | facility layout |
| a computer based operations management system that uses sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place | materials requirement planning (MRP) |
| a newer version of MRP that combines the computerized functions of all the divisions and subsidiaries of the firm- such as finance, human resources, and order fulfillment- into a single integrated software program that uses a single database | enterprise resources planning (ERP) |
| the function in a firm that searches for high quality materials resources, finds the best suppliers, and negotiates the best price for goods and services | purchasing |
| a production process in which a minimum of inventory is kept on the premises and parts, supplies, and other needs are delivered just in time to go on the assembly line | just in time(JIT)inventory control |
| consistently producing what the customer wants while reducing errors before and after delivery to the customer | quality |
| a quality measure that allows only 3.4 defects per million opportunities | Six Sigma quality |
| the process some managers use to continually monitor all phases of the production process to assure that quality is being built into the product from the beginning | statistical quality control (SQC) |
| the process of testing statistical samples of product components at each stage of the production process and plotting those results on a graph. Any variances from quality standards are recognized and can be corrected if beyond the set standards | statistical process control (SPC) |
| the common name given to quality management and assurance standards | ISO 9000 |
| a collection of the best practices for managing an organization's impact on the environment | ISO 14000 |
| a method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project, estimating the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project | program evaluation and review technique (PERT) |
| in a PERT network, the sequence of tasks that takes the longest time to complete | critical path |
| bar graph showing production managers what projects are being worked on and what stage they are in at any given time | Gantt chart |
| the personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals | intrinsic reward |
| something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work; extrinsic rewards include pay increases, praise, and promotions | extrinsic reward |
| studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques | scientific management |
| studies, begun by Frederick Taylor, of which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task | time-motion studies |
| theory developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth that every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions | principle of motion economy |
| the tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied | Hawthorne effect |
| Theory of motivation based on unmet human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, and esteem needs to self-actualization needs | Maslow's Hierarchy of needs |
| In Herzberg's Theory of motivating factors, job factors that cause employees to productive and that give them satisfaction | motivators |
| In Herzberg's theory of motivating factors, job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased | hygiene factors |
| the idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions | goal setting theory |
| a system of goal setting and implementations, it involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle level managers, supervisors, and employees | management by objectives (MBO) |
| Victor Vroom's theory that the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectation of the outcome | expectancy theory |
| theory that positive and negative reinforcers motivate a person to behave in certain ways | reinforcement theory |
| the idea that employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions | equity theory |
| a motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker thought the job itself | job enrichment |
| a job enrichment strategy that involves combining a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment | job enlargement |
| a job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another | job rotation |
| the process of determining human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals | human resource management (HRM) |
| employment activities designed to "right past wrongs" by increasing opportunities for minorities and women | affirmative action |
| discrimination against white or males in hiring or promoting | reverse discrimination |
| a study of what employees do who hold various job titles | job analysis |
| a summary of the objectives of a job, the type of work to be done, the responsibilities and duties, the working conditions, and the relationship of the job to other functions | job description |
| a written summary of the minimum qualifications required of workers to do a particular job | job specifications |
| the set of activities used to obtain a sufficient number of the right employees at the right time | recruitment |
| the process of gathering information and deciding who should be hired, under legal guidelines, to serve the best interest of the individual and the organization | selection |
| employees that include part time workers, temporary workers, seasonal workers, independent contractors, interns, and co op students | contingent workers |
| all attempts to improve productivity by increasing an employee's ability to perform. | training and development |
| the activity that introduces new employees to the organization; to fellow employees; to their intermediate supervisors, and to the policies, practices, and objectives of the firm | orientation |
| training at the workplace that lets the employee learn by doing or by watching others for a while and then imitating them | on the job training |
| training programs during which a learner works alongside and experienced employee to master the skills and procedures of a craft | apprentice programs |
| internal or external training programs away from the workplace that develop any of a variety of skills or foster personal development | off the job training |
| training programs in which employees complete classes via the internet | online training |
| training done in schools where employees are taught on equipment similar to that used on the job | vestibule training |
| the use of equipment that duplicates job conditions and task so trainees can learn skills before attempting them on the job | job simulation |
| the process of training and educating employees to become good managers, and then monitoring the progress of the managerial skills over time | management development |
| the process of establishing and maintaining contacts with key managers in and outside the organization and using those contacts to weave strong relationships that serves as informal development systems | networking |
| an experienced employee who supervises, coaches, and guides lower level employees by introducing them to the right people and generally being their organizational sponsor | mentor |
| an evaluation that measure employee performance against established standards in order to make decisions about promotions, compensation, training, or termination | performance appraisal |
| benefits such as sick leave pay, vacation pay, pension plans, and health plans that represent additional compensation beyond base wages | fringe benefits |
| fringe benefits plan that allows employees to choose the benefits they want up to a certain dollar amount | cafeteria style fringe benefits |
| work schedule that gives employees some freedom to choose when to work, as long as they work the required number of hours | flextime plan |
| in a flextime plan, the period when all employees are expected to be at their job stations | core time |
| an arrangement whereby two part time employees share one full time job | job sharing |
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