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PBHS Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The structural and functional units of all living organisms | Cell |
| Single-celled | Unicellular |
| Having more than one cell | Multicellular |
| lack a membrane-bound nucleus and intracellular organelles | Prokaryotic/Prokaryotes |
| having membrane-bound nuclei and distinct organelles | Eukaryotic/Eukaryotes |
| Nuclear DNA during Interphase | Chromatin |
| Cell division forming 2 identical daughter cells maintaining the number diploid of chromosomes | mitosis |
| Form of DNA immediately before and during cell division | chromosomes |
| Cell division forming the sex cells; reduces the number of chromosomes to the haploid (1/2 #)number | meiosis |
| Reproduction that does not involve sex cells (gametes) | asexual reproduction |
| Cell organelle that is the director/control center of the cell | nucleus |
| Site of protein synthesis | Ribosome |
| Organelle that stores water, food, waste. Few or none in animal cells | vacuole |
| Gel-like substance outside the nucleus NOT including the organelles | cytosol |
| Stack of membrane bound vesicles that "packages" proteins | Golgi Apparatus |
| Gel-like substance outside the nucleus INCLUDING the organelles | cytoplasm |
| Continuation of outer nuclear membrane-(transport passageways for proteins) | endoplasmic reticulum |
| contain hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion | lysosomes |
| rigid, protective structure made of polysaccharides giving plant cells a box-like shape | cell wall |
| inner membrane forms folds (cristae); site of energy production; powerhouse of the cell | mitochondria (plural) mitochondrion (singular) |
| lipid bilayer enclosing all cells | cell membrane |
| site of photosynthesis | chloroplast |
| organized network of protein filaments that helps to maintain cell shape | cytoskeleton |
| pigment that captures sunlight needed for photosynthesis | chlorophyll |
| Process producing energy for the cell; occurs in mitochondria | cellular respiration |
| process that produces food for cells having chlorophyll | photosynthesis |
| simple sugar initially produced through photosynthesis; most simple sugar | glucose C6-H12-O6 |
| Energy from glucose is used to produce _____ which supplies the energy needs of cells | ATP adenosine triphosphate |
| DNA stands for | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| mRNA | messengerRNA ribonucleic acid |
| form dense stacks called grana inside chloroplasts | thylakoids |
| Austrian monk, Father of Genetics; studied pea plants | Mendel (Gregor) |
| phylum containing all sponges | porifera |
| All have nematocysts (stinging cells) | cnidaria (cnidarians) |
| All water dwellers and sessile (immobile); collect food through flagellated choanocytes | porifera |
| sea anemones, Portuguese man-o-war, jellyfish, hydra, corals | cnidarians |
| produces ribosomes | nucleolus |
| nematocysts | stinging cells of cnidarians |
| phylum of flatworms | platyhelminthes |
| Soft body covered by a thin mantle with a muscular foot and internal visceral mass... | Molluscs |
| Many molluscs have a shell composed of___and secreted by the mantle | calcium carbonate (CaCO3)and proteins |
| 3 classes of molluscs | Gastropods (slugs, snails) Cephalopods (squid, octopi, nautilus) Bivalves (clams, scallops, oysters) |
| tapeworms, flukes, and planaria | platyhelminthes |
| phylum of segmented worms (having nephridia and blood vessels) | annelida |
| earthworms and leeches | annelids |
| phylum of roundworms (unsegmented) | nematoda |
| hookworms and parasites causing trichinosis, river blindness, and elephantitis | nematoda |
| most recently named phylum | cycliophora |
| symbion pandora identified in 1995 living on mouth parts of Norwegian Lobster | cycliophoran |
| traits are notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail, hollow dorsal nerve chord | chordata |
| Subphyla are urochordata, cephalochordata, and vertebrata (true vertebrates) | chordata |
| sea squirts | urochordata |
| lancelets | cephalochordata |
| mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles,fish are all in which phylum | chordata |
| he saw cork (wood) cells and coined the term "cell" | Robert Hooke |
| he was the first to see a living cell | Anton Von Leeuwenhoek |
| cell division that occurs in 2 stages | meiosis |
| cell division that produces 4 gametes with the n number of chromosomes. | meiosis |
| general term for all sex cells | gametes |
| term for initial fertilized egg | zygote |
| cell that have the 'n' number of chromosomes; haploid cells | gametes |
| cell resulting from fusion of gametes | zygote |
| term that means having the 'n' number of chromosomes; 1/2 the total number of chromosomes | haploid |
| term that means having the 2n number of chromosomes; having the 'total' number of chromosomes | diploid |
| whip-like structure that grows out of a cell used for cell movement | flagellum (singular) plural = flagella |
| tiny, short hair-like structures projecting from a cell body | cilia (plural) cilium (singular) |
| 4 nucleic acids which are the bases of DNA | Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine |
| How do the nucleic acids pair in DNA? | A with T and C with G |
| Name the stages of mitosis in order | P(P)MAT Prophase (Prometaphase) Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
| Meiosis produces how many gametes? | 4 |
| Three types of symbiosis | parasitism, commensalism, mutualism |
| Symbiotic relationship: one benefits, one is harmed | parasitism |
| Symbiotic relationship: both benefit | mutualism |
| Symbiotic relationship: one benefits, one is unaffected | commensalism |
| Discrete units of genetic material (code for a particular protein) | gene |
| All chromosomes are within the nucleus, but there is also ______________DNA, mtDNA, an exact copy of the mother's mtDNA. | mitochondrial (DNA) |
| Forming mRNA from DNA inside the nucleus | Transcription |
| Process of synthesizing a chain of amino acids to build a protein from mRNA | Translation |
| Phylum of insects, crustaceans, and arachnids | Arthropoda |
| Most Arthropods have this type of external skeleton | exoskeleton |
| Lobster, crayfish, etc. are which subphylum of arthropods | crustaceans |
| mRNA carries the DNA code for synthesizing one of these | a protein |
| The section or segment of a DNA molecule that has the entire code for synthesizing a protein is a ___. | gene |
| synthesis or synthesizing means ___. | process of putting preexisting parts together (like the pieces of a puzzle)to build something, not creating something |
| Longest phase within the cell cycle; precedes mitosis | Interphase |
| Phase of the cell cycle during which all growth and normal functioning of a cell occurs | Interphase |
| porifera are sessile which means | immobile |
| flagellated cells that collect food via sweeping motions for porifera | choanocytes |
| most diverse and successful animal phylum | arthropoda |
| jointed foot/feet | arthropoda |
| body segments of insects | head, thorax, abdomen |
| now extinct arthropod phylum | trilobitomorpha (trilobites) |
| mollusc shell is secreted by the | mantle |
| five-fold radial symmetry | echinodermata |
| spiny skin | echinodermata |
| sea urchin scraping device | Aristotles's lantern |
| feeding adaptation of everting stomach | echinodermata |
| moving by tube feet connected to the WVS | echinodermata |
| most diverse SUBphylum | vertebrata (true vertebrates) |
Created by:
gkarlish
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