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Phonetics 101
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Place | The point in the vocal tract where the sound is made |
| Manner | The way in which the sound is produced |
| Voice | The presence or absence of vocal fold vibration during the production of the speech sound |
| What has to constrict to determine place? | The vocal tract |
| Bilabial | Two lips |
| Bilabial consonants | /p/, /b/, /m/, /w/, and /hw/ |
| Labio-dental | Bottom lip and upper, center teeth |
| Labio-dental consonants | /f/ and /v/ |
| Lingua-dental | Tongue touching the bottom edge of the upper central incisors or the backs of the central incisors |
| Lingua-dental consonants | Voice and voiceless "th" |
| Lingua-alveolar | Major constriction of the alveolar ridge (right behind the upper central incisors) |
| Lingua-alveolar consonants | /t/, /d/, /n/, /s/, /z/, and /l/ |
| Lingua-palatal | Posterior to the alveolar ridge (where the rug are located and where the vault angles upward) |
| Lingua-palatal consonants | "sh", /3/, "ch", /d3/, /r/, and /j/ |
| Lingua-velar | Back of the oral cavity |
| Lingua-velar consonants | /k/, /g/, and "ing" |
| Glottal | Opening between the vocal folds |
| Glottal consonants | /h/ and /?/ - glottal stop |
| When a speech sound is made and manner is involved, what is modified? | Airstream |
| Plosives/stops/stop-plosives | Formed by a complete closure of the vocal tract, including the velopharyngeal port, so that the flow of outgoing airstream is temporarily stopped |
| Plosives sounds | /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, and /?/ |
| Fricatives | Directing the airstream through a narrow constriction in the vocal tract |
| Fricative sounds | /f/, /v/, voice and voiceless "th", /s/, /z/, "sh", /3/, and /h/ |
| Affricates | Combination of a stop and fricative. Stop occures first then fricative |
| Affricate sounds | "ch" and /d3/ |
| Stridents | Affricates and noisy fricatives |
| Strident sounds | /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, "sh", "ch", and /d3/ |
| Nasals | Making a complete closure along the vocal tract but leaving the velopharngeal port open which results in part of the airstream is directed through the nasal cavity |
| Nasal sounds | /m/, /n/, and "ing" |
| Liquids | Vowel-like consonants that have only slightly more closure in their production than the vowels do but the closure is not sufficient (enough) to result in any friction-like noise |
| Liquid sounds | /l/ and /r/ |
| Glides | Similar to vowels in their production but include a shift in placement from a more closed to a more open position |
| Glide sounds | /j/ and /w/ |
| Approximants | Glides and liquids |
| Obstruents | Sounds that are made with enough constriction of the vocal tract to impede or obstruct the airstream |
| Obstruent sounds | Stops, fricatives and affricates |
| Sonorants | Vowel-like quality |
| Sonorant sounds | Nasals, liquids, and glides |
| In sonorants, what is produced with the sound? | Formants |
| Cognates | Voiced and voiceless pair ---- all onstruents have them |
| Voiced | /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, "th", /z/, /3/, /d3/, /m/, /n/, "ing", /l/, /r/, /w/, and /j/ |
| Voiceless | /p/, /t/, /k/, /?/, /f/, "th", /z/, "sh", /h/, and "ch" |
| Place names | Bilabial, labio-dental, lingua-dental, lingua-alveolar, lingua-palatal, lingua-velar, glottal |
| Manner names | Plosives, fricatives, affricates, nasals, liquids, glides |
Created by:
Lrrobin2
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