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REL 100 Exam 1
Study Terms for Religion 100 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Animism? | From the latin "anima" meaning "spirit" "soul," "life force"; a worldview common among oral religions (religions with no written scriptures) that sees all elements of nature as being filled w/ spirit or spirits |
| What is Agnosticism? | "Not know" (Greek); a position asserting that the existence of God cannot be proven |
| What is Monotheism? | The belief in one god |
| What is Polytheism? | The belief in many gods |
| What is Omnipotent? | Unlimited power |
| What is Ahimsa? | "nonharm/nonviolence" |
| What is Transcendent? | "climbing beyond" (latin) beyond time and space |
| What is Worldview? | Fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing natural philosophy |
| What is Pantheism? | The belief that everything in the universe is divine. |
| What is Immanent? | Existing and operating within nature |
| What is Atman? | The spiritual essence of all individual human beings |
| What is Ashram? | "A spiritual community" |
| What is Brahmin? | Member of the priestly caste |
| What is Caste? | One of the major social classes sanctioned by Hinduism |
| What is Brahman? | The spiritual essence of the universe. |
| What is Brahma? | The God of creation |
| What is Bhakti Yoga? | The spiritual discipline of devotion to a deity or guru |
| What is Bhakti? | Devotion to a deity or guru |
| What is Bhagavad Gita? | A religious literary work about Krishna |
| What is Avatar? | An earthly embodiment of a deity |
| What is Jnana Yoga? | The spiritual discipline of knowledge and insight |
| What is Hatha Yoga? | The spiritual discipline of postures and bodily exercises |
| What is Guru? | A spiritual teacher |
| What is Durga? | "Awe-inspiring" "distant" a mother goddess a form of Devi |
| What is Dhyana? | Meditation |
| What is Devi? | "Goddess" the divine feminine also called the great mother |
| What is Kundalini Yoga? | A form of raja yoga that envisions the individual's energy as a force that is capable of being raised from the center of body to the head, producing a state of joy |
| What is Krishna? | A god associated with divine playfulness; a form of Vishnu |
| What is Karma Yoga? | The spiritual discipline of selfless action |
| What is Karma? | The moral law of cause and effect that determines the direction of rebirth |
| What is Kali? | "Dark form" goddess associated with destruction and rebirth |
| What is Raja Yoga? | The Royal discipline of meditation |
| What is Puja? | Offerings and ritual in honor of deity |
| What is Monism? | The philosophical position that all apparently separate realities are ultimately one; the belief that god and the universe are the same, that the universe is divine |
| What is Moksha? | "Liberation" from personal limitation, egotism, and rebirth |
| What is Maya? | "Illusion" what keeps us from seeing reality correctly; the world, viewed inadequately |
| What is Mantra? | A short sacred phrase, often chanted or used in meditation |
| What is Yoga? | A spiritual discipline; a method for perfecting one's union with the divine |
| What is Vishnu? | God associated with preservation and love. |
| What is Sannyasin? | A wandering holy man |
| What is Samsara? | The everyday world of change and suffering leading to rebirth |
| What is Samadni? | A state of complete inner peace resulting from meditation |
| What is Rama? | A god and mythical king; a form of Vishnu |
| What is Vedas? | 4 collections of ancient prayers and rituals |
| What is Upanishads? | Written meditations on the spiritual essence of the universe and the self |
| What is Trimurti? | 3 forms of the divine- the three gods Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva |
| What is Shiva? | A god associated with destruction and rebirth |
| What is Materialistic Perspective? | The idea that religion is false, superstition is untrue, focuses more on science |
| What is Deism? | Often called "natural religion," focuses on the belief in a creator God, a moral code, and an afterlife |
| What is Ludwig Feverbach? | A person who believes that Gods are false and the origin of religion is fear |
| What is Sigmund Freud? | A person who believes that religion is important for cleaning out guilt, and that people go to church/practice religion when guilty because they fear the consequences. |
| What is Karl Marx? | A person who believes that religion is a product of the mode of production, and part of the economic base of society. |
| What is the Intellectualist Perspective? | The idea that religion is matter of belief and a form of knowledge |
| What is Edward Taylor? | A person who advocates the belief in spirits |
| What is James Frazer? | A person who advocates a belief in magic |
| What is Dualism? | The belief that reality is made of 2 different principles (spirit and matter); the belief in 2 gods (good and evil) in conflict |
| What is Atheism? | "Not God" (Greek)- a position asserting that there is no god or gods. |
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