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Technology
Unit 1 Review Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Science | Knowledge of principles and causes; especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical world and its phenomena , the nature, constitution, and forces of matter, the qualities and functions of living tissues,etc. |
| Technology | Human factors engineering, an applied science that coordinates the design of devices, systems, and physical working conditions with the capacities and requirements of the worker. |
| Engineering | The practical application of science to commerce or industry. |
| Artifact | Any object made by human beings, especially with a view to subsequent use. |
| Iterative | Repeating, cyclical |
| Innovation | A new way of doing something; an improvement on an existing form, composition or processes |
| Constraint | Limitation or restriction. |
| Trade-off | The exchange of one thing for another of more or less equal value, especially to affect a compromise. |
| Ergonomics | The practical application of science to commerce or industry. Generally takes the form of an artifact |
| Standards | Something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison; those morals, ethics, habits, etc., established by authority, custom, or an individual as acceptable. |
| Inventions | A new, useful process, machine, improvement, etc., that did not exist previously and that is recognized as the product of some unique intuition or genius, as distinguished from ordinary mechanical skill or craftsmanship. |
| Entrepreneur | A person who organizes and manages any enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk. |
| Economics | Financial considerations; the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind. |
| Models | A simplified representation of a system or phenomenon, as in the sciences or economics. |
| Criteria | A standard of judgment or criticism; a rule or principle for evaluating or testing something. |
| Ethics | A system of moral principles. |
| System | An assemblage or combination of things or parts forming a complex or unitary whole. |
| Infrastructure | The fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools. |
| Capital | The wealth, whether in money or property, owned or employed in business by an individual, firm, corporation, etc. |
| Society | A highly structured system of human organization for large-scale community living that normally furnishes protection, continuity, security, and a national identity for its members. |
| Culture | The behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group |
| Smelting | To fuse or melt (ore) in order to separate the metal contained; to obtain or refine (metal) in this way. |
| Alloy | A substance composed of two or more metals, or of a metal or metals with a nonmetal, intimately mixed, as by fusion or electro-deposition. |
| Pragmatic | Of or pertaining to a practical point of view or practical considerations. |
| Computing | This observation, known as Moore’s Law, shows that --------- power increases exponentially over time |
| Stone Age | Some of the earliest technologys includeDomestication of animals allowed the substitution of animal power for human power.We consider the use of fire as an important tech. |
| Bronze Age | Major technological developments include smelting and metalwork |
| Iron Age | Led to the development of steel as an alloy of iron and carbon.Solid waste disposal became a problem. |
| Middle Ages | Water use increased as a power source. Mills and foundries flourished. |
| Renaissance | Many important innovations – the printing press, clocks, gunpowder, eyeglasses, and flush toilets.Colonization became a widespread way of developing resources. Both positive and negative impacts (slavery). |
| The Industrial Revolution | The steam engine is arguably the most important engineering achievement. Education became more widespread. Rule of law led to an increase in the ownership of private property. |
| 20th Century | The rate of innovation accelerated. |
| Required items to shift from agriculture to industry | Adequate food and shelter for those workers An abundant energy source An efficient transportation system Large amounts of capital to invest |
| Information Age | A shift from industrialization to an economy based on information |
| Ethics during info age | Sustainable design Waste prevention Recycling Conservation and Efficiency Clean energy Renewable energy |
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sfigeac
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