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OCCTH557
Enabling occupation accross the lifespan
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two Pediatric approaches? What is the key difference? | Neuromaturational and Dynamic Systems Movements and Muscles vs. Occupations |
| What is a Microsystem vs. Exosystem? | Immediately influence the person (family) Distant influences on the person (Neighbors) |
| What is family centred therapy? | 1. Recognize family influence 2. Promote family's unique pattern 3. Family collaboration on therapy 4. Positive support of family |
| What is neuromaturation theory(2)? What are it's flaws (2)? | Neurodevelopement is sequential, and at the same rate for all. Enviromental interaction and individual variation |
| What is the Zone of proximal developement? | the distance between independent problem solving and guided problem solving |
| What is Dynamic System theory? | Many internal and external factors of the individual and enviroment interact to influence development. |
| What is Motor control | the ablility to regulate and direct movement |
| What are 4 example of bottom up approaches to correct motor dysfunction are are they effective? | Sensory integration Neurodevelopment Strenght training perceptual motor training No. Not effective |
| Motor control is far behind what you would expect for their age or IQ would suggest? | Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) |
| How would dynamic theory be applied to therapy and is it effective? | Variety of real meaningful occupations, with the movements taught as a whole, with lots of variety and problem solving in the task.eg. you don't teach throwing a baseball segments at a time |
| What is an Attractor state? | Habits of movement |
| Making a maladaptive attractor state difficult or uncomfortable is called what? | Preturbation |
| Motor skill developement involves what three interteracting processes? | Cognition, perception, action |
| What are the three stages of motor skill developement? | 1. Cognitive-inconsistent and inefficient 2. Associative- refinement toward outcome 3. Autonomous- functional, automatic |
| What order does movement develope in babies? | Cephalo-Caudal, Gross-precise, Proximal-distal, Undifferentialted-specific. |
| The developement of movement of one limb at a time is called what? | Disassociation |
| What are early relfexes? When should they begin to disappear? | Survival responses in the brainstem and spinal cord. 4-6 months of age |
| Why would you test early reflexes? What is a common one? | Indication of neurological integrity, developeme. Postural reactions |
| What are equalibrium reactions? | The attempt to maintain centre of gravity inside the base of support |
| What 4 reactions all contribute to maintain postural control in infants? | Reflex reactions, righting reactions, equalibrium reactions, protective reactions |
| What is the sequence of development of movement in infants? | physiological flexion, active extension, active flexion and rotation, disassociation of movement, weight shift |
| When assessing movement in infants, what should be observed? | Weight shifting, base of support, control, mobility with stabilility, disassociation |
| From 0-12 months what are the stages of development of movement? | Neonatal-primitive reflexes 0-4 months-Head control, weight shift 4-8 months- Bilateral movements, Weight shift, Rotation 8-12 months- Rotation, Dissassociation, Movement |
| That are the stages of maturation of gait? | Immature: High arms, wide appart feet, anterior pelvic tilt, short steps, Intermediate: arms at side, base in pelvis, heel/toe step, Mature: swing arms, narrow base, relaxed stride, trunk rotation |
| What is postural control? | The act of maintaining, or restoring balance not just do to CNS |
| Postural control is made of what three types of movement? | Maintenence of posture Voluntary movement Reacting |
| What is tasting, banging, waving, play play called? | Sensorimotor play |
| What is playing with dolls, tea sets, trucks called? | Object or pretend play |
| What are the three main types of play called? | Dramatic/symbolic play Constructive play Rough and tumble (eg. jumping & rolling) |
| How are position and balance sequenced? | Prone, Supine, Sitting, Quadruped, Standing |
| What are the four treatment views of childhood learning/writing intervention? | Biomechanical Neurodevelopemental Aquisition Sensory motor integration |
| What is an example of biomechanical/neurodevelopemental intervention? | Sitting posture,elbow position |
| What is an example of Aquisitional intervention? | The focusing on the sequence of training |
| What is an example of sensory motor intervention? | Bright colors, thicker, heavier/lighter supplies |
| What is a standardized test, how many types are there? | On which is performed the same each time. Two types Criterion, and Normative |
| What is a norm referenced test? What is the problem with using norm referenced tests with children? | A group is compared to a known sample. It usually doesn't include children with disabilities or developement issues |
| How is the mean calculated? | The sum of the values divided by the number of values |
| How is the median value calculated? | It's the numerically ordered central value |
| How is the variance calculated? | The sum of the values minus the mean then squared then divided by the number of values |
| How is the z-score calculated? | The value minus the mean then divided by the standard deviation |
| How is the T-score calculated? | 10 times the zed score plus 50 |
| How is percentile score calculated? | The number scores below the score plus half the number at the score divided by the total number X 100% |
| How is reliability calculated? | the standard deviation minus the retest coefficient then obtain the square root` |
| How is the inter-rater reliability calculated? | Taking the number of agreed items and dividing it by the total number of items then multiplying the outcome by 100 |
| What is a standard deviation? | How far the scores range |
| What is a z score? | The score in reference to the mean |
| Age equivelent score is what? How is it misleading? | The age 50% of children are at or below the score. A score of less then 50% can still be normal |
| What is a correlation coefficient? | the strength of the relationship negative is inverse, positive is direct and 0 is non |
| What is the maximum and minimum correlation coefficient? | +1 or -1, and 0 |
| What is validity? | The test measures what it's meant to |
| What are the 4 types of validity? | Construct validity, content-validity, criterion validity, and Rasch analysis |
| What is construct validity? | Measures a theoretical construct |
| What is content validity? | Measure how a few things related to a larger group |
| What is criterion validity? | Measuring agains other tests |
| What are the 5 approaches to improving childhood handwriting? | Neural develmental-posture and movements Aquisitional-practice Biomechanical-ergonomics Sensory motor- engaging other senses Psychosocail-rewards and enjoyment |
| What are extraneous movements in other limbs called when performing an action? | Associative reactions or mirror reactions |
| Visual perception involves what two processes? | Sensory and Cognitive Processes |
| What is a Receptive component? | extracting and organizing infomation |
| What is visual fixation? | the ability to focus on stationary objects |
| What is visual fixation? | the ability to focus on stationary objects |
| What does the dorsal stream of vision control? | Location, shape |
| What does the dorsal stream of vision control? | Location, shape |
| What does the ventral stream of vision control? | Color, name, details |
| When do early relfexes become a constraint function? | It's obligitory, and persists after age |
| When do early relfexes become a constraint function? | It's obligitory, and persists after age |
| Movement choice is influenced by what 3 factors? | The abilities of the child, the task, the environment |
| Movement choice is influenced by what 3 factors? | The abilities of the child, the task, the environment |
| What perceptual skill allows us to predict weight, texture and grasp? | Haptic Perception |
| What perceptual skill allows us to predict weight, texture and grasp? | Haptic Perception |
| What are the 5 stages of reach? | 1. Reach with eyes 2. symmetrical 3. unilateral 4. mature 5. refined |
| What are the 3 stages of release? | 1. Involuntary, 2. Transfer grasp, 3. Voluntary release |
| What are the 6 stages of inhand manipulation? | 1. Finger to palm 2. palm to finger 3. shift distal/proximal 4. rotation 5. complex rotation 6. rotation with stabilizatin |
| What functional prehension skills should we look for in children? | 1. play 2. Inhand manipulation 3. drawing/prewriting 4. handwriting 5. utensil use 6. fasteners |
| What is prehension? | Functional use of the arms and hands |
| What 5 things might we examine with children learning to use scissors/writing/pasting? | 1. Posture 2. Grasp 3. Bilateral 4. In hand manipulation 5. Sensory abilities |
| What functional prehension skills should we look for in children? | 1. play 2. Inhand manipulation 3. drawing/prewriting 4. handwriting 5. utensil use 6. fasteners |
| What 4 kinds of prehansion skill are part of play birth-10 months? | 1. Grasp 2. Reach 3. Release/Placement 4. Bilateral |
| What 5 things might we examine with children learning to use scissors/writing/pasting? | 1. Posture 2. Grasp 3. Bilateral 4. In hand manipulation 5. Sensory abilities |
| What is and excellent source of developemental info? | Parents and teachers |
| What 4 things need to be considered before intervention? | 1. Parent/Teacher expectations 2. What role OT to play 3. Resources available at home 4. Meaning to child |
| What are 6 common factors limiting school performance? | 1. hand function 2. neuromuscular 3. sensory ability 4. cognition 5. development 6. the environment |
| What 3 factors are required for using scissors? | Developental age, Hand skills ect..., Hand preference |
| What is the peabody used for? | Comparing motor developement, birth-6 ages |
| What is the BOT (Buiniks-Oseretsk) used for? | Measure Gross and Fine motor skills 4-21 yrs |
| Waht is the AIMS used for? | Gross motor skills 0-18months |
| What is the M-Fun used for? | Motor occupation involvement and limitations ages 2-8 |
| What is a standardization assessment? | One in which is always performed uniformily differentiate pathologic, immature, from typical |
| What rules apply to age calculation? | Months are assumed to have 30 days Months are rounded up from 15 days |
| Basil and ceiling scores allow what? | shorten a test by assuming pass of earlier, Find ceiling scores |
| What are the two types of assessment tests? | Criterion-compares against a standard Norm refereced-on a normal curve |
| When comparing children against a norm referenced test what caution should be observed? | Were disabilities in the norm, what is the sample size |
| What does a standard score allow? | Comparison and conversion between tests |
| What measure of child performance should never be put in a report to parents? | Age equivilency, percentile rank, or total motor score |
| Along with standard score, what else should always be calculating for interpreting the score? | The standard error +- 2 standard deviations |
| Children within _________standard dev are considered developmentally normal? | 2 standard deviations |
| What is CP? | Non-progressive neurolical impairment of motor, sensation, congnitive, communicative, or behavior systems and/or epilepsy |
| What are the main types of CP? | Spastic-stiff muscles Athetoid-uncontrolled/floppy movement Ataxia-shaking Mixed-combined disorders |
| What are 3 types of spastic CP? | Unilateral-same side Bilateral-two legs Quad/tetraplegia-Most or all of the body |
| What are the three types of Athetoid? | Hypertonic Hyperkinetic Whole body Athetoid |
| What are the areas affected by ataxia? | appendicular or truncal |
| What are the two classification systems used for CP? | Gross motor functional classification system Manual Ability Classification System |
| What is muscle tone? | The ease a muscle can be stretched |
| What is clonus? | involuntary contractions and relaxations |
| What is dystonia? | Resistance to slow stretch |
| What does the GMFC measure vs. the MACS? | Walking ability vs. Hand use |
| What is stabismus? | Lazy or crossed eye |
| What is nystagmus? | Rapid uncontrolled movements of eyes |
| What is cortical blindness? | Blind do to occipital lobe |
| What are key indicators a child may have a visual problem? | Can't track with eyes and head, fixate and ignore details, school work |
| What is perception? | Awareness and interpretation |
| What are the 5 components of Visual Discrimination? | Recognition, Matching, Categorization, Object perception, Spacial perception |
| What is & what age does laterality develope? | Realizing you have a left and right, age 7 |
| What is directionality? | THINGs have a right and left |
| Visual-motor integration, is good for what but bad for what? | Good for assessing handwriting readiness in kindergarden, but not school achievement later |
| What is the best predictor of handwriting legibility? | Motor planning |
| What does the Beery test? | Perception, motor control and voluntary motor integration |
| What is cognition? | All mental functions |
| Learning requires what 4 skills? | Automatization, Encoding (key aspects), Generalization (to circumstances), Strategy construction |
| How does cognition change with time? | More efficient, Increased memory capacity, More effective inhibition, Increased automacity, increased speed of processing |
| What key factors effect cognition? | Structural capacity-physical ability Personal capacity Self awareness Activity demands Processing strategies Enviromental factors |
| What is the first step of assessment used for? | For identifying school related problems |
| What is receptive language? | understanding language |
| What age does complex thought and internal monologue develope? | Age 7 |
| Before assessing cognition what needs to be done? | Inform parents about the consequences of labels |
| What is an open skill? | In an open and unpredicatvle enviroment |
| What is a closed skill? | self-paced predictable skill |
| What are the 4 major socail development tasks? | Recognize self, Empathy, Morality/values, Consequences |
| What are the 4 responses to frustration? | Passive, aggression physical, verbal aggression, socailly acceptable behavior |
| What behavior 4 interventions can correct social behaviors? | Positive opposites-state alternatives Shift focus-to what's wanted Prais-good behavior Time out |
| How long should time out be for children? | 1 min for each year |
| What are 6 examples of socail cognitive ability? | Language comprehension, Perspective taking, Hypothesis formation, Inference making, Casual attribution, Social rule comprehension |
| What social skill developes at 24 months? | Self awareness |
| What socail skill developes 6-11 years? | Interaction with others |
| How does efficacy interact with importance for self esteem? | If bad at an unimportant skill, very little. if bad an an important skill a lot. |
| What is the most influential factor on self efficacy?; | Past performance |
| What are the ages and stages of friendship? | Momentary playmates-3-7 Oneway assistance 4-9 Two way fair weather 6-12 Intimate mutual 9-15 Matur relationship 12+ |
| What do peers provide that adults don't? | Leader follower roles, other perspective, deal with aggression, |
| What social developemental tasks are between 12-18? | Sexuality, Identity Individual values |
| What is success? | Being happy, achieving personal realistic goals |
| What are methods of motivation? | Fun Games, Choice, Match their style |
| What are ways to intervene in an adolecent behavior problems? | Role play, practice responses, self time outs, reflection |
Created by:
swcherry
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