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modern communication
Chapter 11 vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tip | the grounded wire in two wire phone service |
| Ring | the nongrounded wire in two-wire phone service |
| Local Loop | the twisted pair telephone line from the subscriber to the central phone office |
| DTMF | Dual-tone multifrequency |
| 300-3kHz | voice audio frequency range |
| BORSCHT | Battery feeding, Overvoltage protection, Ringing, Supervision, Coding, Hybrid, Testing |
| PBX | private buisness exchange-a telephone exchange on the user's premises that simply switches one telephone line to another so that phone calls can be made |
| Trunk | the circuit connecting one central office to another |
| T3 | a signal with a digital data rate of 44.736 Mbps |
| OC-1 | optical carrier level 1, which operates at 51.84 Mbps |
| Loaded cable | cable with added inductance every 6,000 or 4,500 feet or 3,000 feet |
| attenuation distortion | in telephone lines, the difference in gain at some frequency with respect to a referenced tone of 1004 Hz |
| Delay distortion | when various frequency components of a signal are delayed different amounts during transmission |
| Delay Equalizer | an LC filter that removes delay distortion from signals on phone lines by providing increased delay to those frequencies least delayed by the line, so that all frequencies arrive at nearly the same time |
| Signaling systems | A system used to administer calls on the telephone network. |
| PSTN | Public Switched Telephone Network-a shared system used by all telephone service providers throughout the US |
| In-Band | the same physical wires are used to multiplex both the voice traffic and the data traffic required to administer the system |
| out of band | various increments of time are dedicated for signaling and are not available for voice traffic |
| SS7 | a signaling system used to administer the PSTN |
| ISDN | integrated services digital network |
| OSI | open systems interconnection |
| OMAP | operations, maintenance, and administration part |
| TCAP | transactions capabilities application |
| SCCP | signaling connection control part |
| MTP | message transfer part |
| ISUP | ISDN user part |
| MTP | message transfer part |
| MSU | message signaling unit |
| LSSU | link status signaling unit |
| FISU | fill in signaling unit |
| OPC | origination point code |
| IAM | initial message address; this message starts the call |
| ACM | address complete message |
| ANM | answer message-indicates called party has been found and that the phone is ringing |
| REL | release message-occurs when called party has picked up phone |
| RLC | release complete message-acknowledges the REL message and makes the voice trunk available for another call |
| DPC | destination point code-identifies the switch closest to the called party |
| OPC | orgination point code-identifies the swich closest to the person making the call |
| CIC | circuit identification code-the trunk identifier |
| cell sites | a regular array of transmitter-receiver stations |
| frequency reuse | in cell phones, the precess of using the same carrier frequency (channel) in different cells that are geographically separated |
| MSTO | mobile telephone switching office |
| handoff | the cell phone process of changing channels, sectors, and base stations |
| Rayleigh Fading | radid variations in signal strength received by mobile units in urban environments |
| AMPS | advanced mobile phone service-analog mobile phone service originally assigned to the cellular frequency band, 800-900 MHz |
| GSM | global system for mobile communications |
| CDMA | code division mulitiple access |
| base station | generates the signal that enables communication between the mobile and the phone system |
| switch | MTSO, MSC, and swith all refer to the same equipment. The MTSO was normally used for the analog 1st generation systems and MSC for digital 2nd generation systems. PSTN and SS7 protocol usually use the term switch. |
| 3G | 3rd generation in wireless |
| IMT-2000 | international mobile telecomm, the standard defining 3G |
| W-CDMA | wideband CDMA |
| LAN | network of users that share computers in a limited area |
| Topology | architecture of a network |
| protocol | a means for user to gain control of the network to allow transmission |
| CSMA/CD | the ethernet LAN protocol, carrier sense multiple access with collision detection |
| NIC | network interface card- the electronic hardware used to interface the computer to the network |
| MAC address | media access control-a unique 6 byte address assigned by the vendor of the network interface card |
| broadcast address | setting the desination MAC address to all 1s broadcasts the message to all computers on the LAN |
| 100BaseT | indicates 100Mbps data baseband over twisted pair cable |
| RJ-45 | the 8 pin modulator connector used to connectorize CAT6 cable |
| DSSS | direct sequence spread spectrum |
| FHSS | frequency hopping spread spectrum |
| ISM | industrial, scientific, and medical |
| pseudorandom | the number sequence appears random but does repeat |
| hopping sequence | the order of frequency changes |
| U-NII | unlicensed national information infrastructure |
| CSMA/CA | carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance- the protocol used by wireless LANs |
| WiMAX | Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access-a broadband wireless system based on the IEEE 802.16e standard |
| BWA | broadband wireless access |
| NLOS | nonline of sight |
| inquiry procedure | used by bluetooth to discover other bluetooth devices or to allow itself to be discovered |
| paging procedure | used to establish and synchronize a connection between two bluetooth devices |
| piconet | an ad hoc network of up to eight bluetooth devices |
| MANs | metropolitan are network- two or more LANs linked together over a limited geographical area |
| WAN | wide are network-two or more LANs linked together over a wide geographical area |
| OSI | open systems interconnection-reference model allows different types of networks to be linked together |
| IANA | internet assigned numbers authority-the agency that assigns the computer network IP addresses |
| IP telephony | voice over IP the telephone system for computer networks |
| QoS | quality of service expected |
| v.44(v.34) | the standard for all analog modern connection with a max data rate of up to 34Kbps |
| v.92(v.90) | the standard for a combination analog and digital modem connection with a max data rate up to 56 Kbps |
| Asymetrical Operation | a term used to describe the modem connection when the data transfer rates to and from the service provider differ |
| cable modem | modems that use the high bandwidth of a cable tv system to deliver high speed data to and from the service provider |
| ranging | a technique used by the modems to determine the time it takes for data to travel to the cable head end |
| xDSL | a generic represenation of the various DSL technologies that are available |
| DSL | digital subscriber line |
| ADSL | asymetrical DSL-a service providing up to 1,544Mbps from the user to the service provider and up to 8 Mbps back to the user from the service provider |
| DMT | discrete multitone-an industry standard data modulation technique used by ADSL that uses multiple subchannel frequencies to carry the data |
| latency | time delay from the request for information until a response is obtained |
| wireless markup language | the hyper text language for wireless environment |
| WML script | the WML comparable version of Java Script |
| Micro browser | ananlogous to a web browser that has been adapted for the wireless environment |
| Passive attack | the bad guy is just listening and picking up what information can be obtained |
| Active attack | the bad guy is transmitting an interfering signal disrupting the comm link |
| external attack | an attack is by someone that doesn't have access to the network |
| internal attack | an attack is by someone inside the network |
| countermeasures | often use cryptography to protect the transmitted data from eavesdropping |
| key | the secret code used in the encryption algorithm to both create and decode the message |
| DES | Data Encryption Standard- a method used to encrypt data in the USA |
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maddogs
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