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DAT misc
bio- misc from coursesaver notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stem cells | produce lymphocytes by mitosis. |
| Glycine | is the only optically inactive amino acid, since it has no chiral carbons. |
| pKa | half-equivalence pH. Amino acid deprotonates @ higher pH & becomes protonated @ lower pH. |
| gout | uric acid crystals deposit in tissues (ex. big toe) |
| Diabetes insipidus | caused by insufficient vasopressin production |
| PKU disease | high amt. of the amino acid, phenylalanine, in blood; can cause mental retardation |
| Hashimoto’s disease | involves thyroid |
| Fatty acid and environment | In a warmer environment, the organism will want to increase its % ofunsaturated fatty acids, so that fatty acids will be more fluid and the melting point will decrease. |
| Prokaryotes lack ___________in their membranes, unlike eukaryotes. | cholesterol |
| hemizygous | only having one copy of a chromosome |
| Barr body | inactivated X chromosome |
| activity of sweat glands _______ as we age | decrease |
| as body temperature increases, blood vessels ____ | dilate |
| fertilization membrane | tough protective envelope developed by the sea urchin as a block to polyspermy |
| Arterioles offer the greatest _____ to blood flow in the circulation | resistance |
| If the phenotype “skips” generations be suspicious of an _______ disorder | autosomal recessive |
| - if there is no skip of phenotypes in generations, it is most likely an _______ disorder | autosomal dominant |
| -Be suspicious for an _______ disorder if a father doesn’t have the phenotype and none of his daughters display it. | X-linked recessive |
| Cephalopods | have high O*2 demand, giant nerve fibers, & a closed circulatory system |
| Sporazoans | division of Protozoan; diverse group of parasites (ex. plasmodium), cause malaria in humans |
| How many quarts of blood in an average sized adult | 5 |
| In a typical antibody, the heavy and light chains are linked by _____bonds. | disulfide |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis | Rh- mother (no Rh antigen, makes Rh antibodies), Rh+ fetus |
| Founder effects and bottlenecks | occur when a population is originated or rebuilt from very few individuals = ex. of genetic drift, amt. of genetic variation is very limited. |
| Genetic/Population bottleneck | result of a disaster nearly wiping out a large population |
| Endocytosis | aka pinocytosis, uses ATP |
| plasmolysis | shrinkage of a cell due to water loss |
| Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny | refers to embryonic stages of development of an organism repeat the evolutionary history of the species |
| Streptococci | can be virulent, form chains |
| staphylococci | form clusters |
| Purple/green bacteria | in the anaerobic sediments of lakes/ponds, carry out photosynthesis with H2, H2S, or D as the electron donor, oxygen is not a byproduct. |
| pH of lysosome is ___, pH of cytosol is ___- | 5, 7-- Starch and glucose |
| Peptides | can only be linear. |
| Nerve gas | inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, and cause death respiratory paralysis |
| Tay Sachs disease | autosomal recessive disease; lipid buildup in brain cells from lysosomal enzyme defect |
| Cells of PCT & DCT | are very rich in mitochondria because of active transport. |
| Ammonia | waste product of aquatic animals; uric acid = birds, reptiles, & insects |
| Dynein | motor protein; used for movement in 9+2 flagella & cilia; may also be used in chromosomal movement |
| Cytoskeleton | microtubules (ex. flagella & cilia), microfilaments, intermediate filaments. |
| Myoglobin curve | hyperbolic, Hemoglobin curve = sigmoidal. Myoglobin has higher affinity for O2 than hemoglobin. Myoglobin has no change in O2 binding over a pH range. |
| Epidermis | has no blood supply, and depends on dermis for oxygen and nutrients. |
| Higher metabolic rate | higher oxygen demand = hemoglobin not as saturated with O2 |
| Lower metabolic rate | lower O2demand = more saturated |
| A _____ includes crossover frequencies. | genetic map |
| homologues | homologous chromosomes and/or sister chromatids |
| ex. of autosomal recessive disorders | PKU disease, sickle-cell anemia, and galactosemia |
| parasite & host__________ mimic each other | population densities |
| decrease in telomere | causes aging |
| recombinant DNA | made when you modify plasmid DNA for use as a vector and inject specific DNA into a cell |
| Episome | chromosome integrated with plasma DNA |
| apoptosis | planned cell death (ex. diabetes) |
| Necrosis | traumatic cell death |
| protobionts | metabolically active protein clusters; precursor to the prokaryote |
| People with Down Syndrome are prone to | leukemia and Alzheimer’s disease. |
| ruminants | animals w/ stomachs of alkaline pH; usually 4 chambers capable of digesting cellulose |
Created by:
xeenie
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