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DAT ch 14
bio- ecology from coursesaver notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Community | population of different plant and animal species interacting with one another |
| Ecosystem | encompasses the interaction b/w living biotic communities and the non-living environment |
| Niche | defines the functional role of an organism in its ecosystem; where it eats, where it obtains food, what climatic factors are optimal, nature of its predators, etc...; every species has diff niche |
| Autotrophs | manufacture their own food; plants and some bacteria |
| Heterotrophs | must depend on other organisms to obtain food and energy ‑Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores |
| Symbiosis | intimate, often permanent association b/w two organisms; may or may not be beneficial; some may be obligatory (one organism cannot survive w/o the other) |
| Commenalism | one benefits, the other is unaffected; Remora and shark – remora gets food shark discards, Barnacle and Whale – barnacle gets wider feeding opportunities |
| Mutualism | both organisms benefit; Tick bird and Rhinoceros,Lichen (fungus + algae, Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria and Legumes, Protozoa and Termites, Intestinal Bacteria and Humans |
| Parasitism | benefits at the expense of the host; bacteria and fungi- live with minimum expenditure of energy;Virus and Host cell, Disease Bacteria and Animals (diphtheria is on humans, anthrax on sheep; tuberculosis on cow or man), Disease Fungi and Animal |
| Saprophytism | protists and fungi that decompose dead organic matter externally |
| Freshwater Fish | live in hypoosmotic environment which causes excess intake of water; thus the fish seldom drink and excrete dilute urine |
| Heat loss | retarded by adaptations like fat, hair, and feathers |
| Producers | autotrophic green plants; always initial step in food chain |
| Primary Consumers | animals which consume green plants; herbivores |
| Secondary Consumers | consume primary consumers; carnivores |
| Tertiary consumers | animals that feed on the secondary |
| Nitrogen Cycle | decay, nitrifying, denitrifying, nitrogen-fixing ‑Decay – nitrogen in the form of NH3 is released from dead tissues ‑Nitrifying – convert NH3 => NO2 (nitrite) => NO3 (nitrate) ‑Denitrifying – convert NH3 => N2 then Nitrogen Fixing => NO3 |
| Ecological Succession | orderly process by which one biotic community replaces another until a climax community is established |
| Climax Community | ecological steady state |
| Tropical Rain Forest biome | jungles; high temp and torrential rains; epiphytes and saprophytes |
| Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome | cold winters, warm summers; beech, maple, oaks |
| Temperate Coniferous Forest Biome | cold, dry; fir, pine, spruce; adapted for water conserving |
| Taiga Biome | long, cold winters; spruce, moss, lichen; extreme north of Canada |
| Tundra Biome | treeless, frozen plain; lichen, moss, polar bears |
| rain shadows | represent a reduction in rainfall on the leeward side of a high mountain |
Created by:
xeenie
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