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DAT ch 6
bio- endocrinology from coursesaver notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Endocrine | synthesize and secretes hormones into bloodstream |
| Exocrine | secrete substances into ducts |
| apocrine gland | gland that responds to stress (ex. sweat glands) |
| Eccrine gland | gland responsible for maintenance of body temperature (ex. sweat glands) |
| Peptide Hormones | synthesized into the rough ER & modified in the Golgi; cannot cross mem |
| Steroid Hormones | synthesized from cholesterol in smooth ER; hydrophobic = freely diffuse |
| Adrenal Cortex | located below chest and release corticosteroids |
| Glucocorticoids | RAISE blood GLUCOSE by promoting gluconeogenesis / ex cortisol andcortisone |
| Mineralcorticoids | regulate PLASMA levels of Na+ and K+ / ex aldosterone causes active reabsorption of Na+ passive reabsorption of water – RAISES blood PRESSURE and VOLUME |
| Cortical sex hormones | androgen |
| Adrenal Medulla | epinephrine and norepinephrine increase conversion of glycogen to glucose => RAISE blood GLUCOSE and BMR / “fight or flight” |
| Anterior Pituitary | synthesize direct hormones (PEG) and tropic hormones (FLAT) |
| Prolactin | stimulates milk production |
| Endorphines | inhibit pain |
| Growth Hormone (GH) | promotes bone and muscle growth |
| Tropic Hormones | stimulates other glands to secrete hormones |
| FSH | causes maturation of follicles which secrete estrogen (females); maturation of seminiferous tubules (males) |
| LH | stimulates ovulation and formation of corpus luteum (females); stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone (males) |
| ACTH | stimulates adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids/ *regulated by CRF |
| TSH | stimulates thyroid gland to stimulate and release thyroid hormone |
| Posterior Pituitary | stores and releases peptide hormones oxytocin and ADH |
| Oxytocin | increases strength of uterine contractions / milk secretion |
| ADH | increases permeability of the nephron’s collecting duct to water |
| Hypothalamus | part of forebrain; regulate pituitary gland secretions |
| GnRH | stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH |
| Thyroid | bi lobed structure; secretes: thyroxin, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin |
| Thyroxin and Triiodothronine | necessary for growth & neurological development |
| Calcitonin | TONES down Ca2+ by inhibiting its release from bones |
| Achondroplasia | dwarfism = autosomal dominant |
| Progeria | autosomal recessive = premature aging (ex. before age 10, has arthritis) |
| Parathyroid | synthesize and secrete PTH which increases Ca2+ by decreasing excretion of it in kidneys |
| Pancreas | is both exocrine and endocrine organ ‑Exocrine: cells that secrete digestive enzymes into small intestine via ducts |
| Glucagon | in pancreas; protein + fat degradation, promotes gluconeogenesis and conversion of glycogen to glucose; RAISE blood GLUCOSE; alpha cells |
| Insulin | stimulates uptake of blood glucose by muscle and adipose tissue/ LOWERS blood GLUCOSE/ lack of insulin = hyperglycemia; Beta cells |
Created by:
xeenie
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