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CCIE R&S - MPLS

CCIE R&S - Written - MPLS

QuestionAnswer
What two benefits do SPs get from using MPLS? BGP free core, offer L2/L3 VPNs to customers
What is the size of an MPLS header? 4 bytes
Describe the makeup of the MPLS header. 20 bit Label, 3 bit EXP, 1 bit BoS, 8 bit TTL
What are MPLS labels bound to? Forwarding Equivalency Class (FEC)
What table does the MPLS router use to switch traffic? LFIB
What MPLS router imposes labels? PE or LER
What MPLS router switches traffic based only on MPLS label? P or LSR
What three major operations to MPLS PE and P routers perform? push, swap, and pop
What is Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)? The next to last SP router performs to pop operation
How does the PE signal that it wants its peer to perform PHP? Advertising an implicit-null label (reserved label 3)
What are the two MPLS label protocols? LDP and TDP
How does MPLS LDP and TDP establish adjacencies? Relies on the IGP
How does MPLS protocols LDP and TDP advertise IGP routes to all neighbors by default? Automatically
What MPLS protocol is typically used with Traffic Engineering and requires manually configured tunnels? RSVP
What protocol, address, and port does TDP use to discover MPLS neighbors? UDP broadcast to port 711
What protocol, address, and port does LDP use to discover MPLS neighbors? UDP multicast to 224.0.0.2, port 646
What TCP ports do TDP and LDP use? TDP - 711, LDP - 646
What are the 3 steps for enabling MPLS protocol TDP? enable CEF, set protocol, enable MPLS on the interface
What command can be used to discover the remote MPLS label protocol? debug ip packet detail
Where is the TCP session sourced from in MPLS TDP and LDP? router-ID interface
Command to modify MPLS LDP router-id? mpls ldp discovery transport-address
How does an MPLS header get It's TTL value? Copied from the IP packet
Command for VRF aware static routes? ip route vrf …
What is added to a VPNv4 route in MP-BGP to make it globally unique? What is its length? Route Distinguisher (RD), 8 bytes
What BGP community is used to control the importing and exporting of routes? What is its length? route-target, 8 bytes
What mechanisms allows VPNv4 route control on a per prefix basis? import map and export map
What is the format for a route distinguisher or a route-target? ASN:nn or IPv4address:nn
How does a VPNv4 speaker know to accept VPNv4 routes? The route-target has to match a local VRF
How does a MPLS PE exchange IPv4 routes with a CE? VRF aware protocols
What is needed when BGP is not the PE-CE protocol? redistribution
How many different routes can a MPLS LFIB contain for one FEC? 1, best route from IP routing table
How does a PE ingress router know which label to impose on a packet? FIB (Forwarding Information Base)
What does the LDP LID consist of? 32 bit router ID and 2 byte label space number
How is ths LDP router-ID chosen? Configured, Highest up/up loopback, highest up/up non-loopback
What keyword is used to specify traffic created by SP routers when speaking of withholding MPLS TTL propagation? local
What keyword is used to specify traffic from outside of the SP network when speaking of withholding MPLS TTL propagation? forwarded
How do P routers populate their LFIB to label switch packets? IGP
How do PE routers exchange customer routes with other PE routers? iBGP
What three separate instances does each VRF contain on a router? IP routing table, FIB, routing protocol
What are the four steps to create a simple VPN VRF? configure vrf name, configure route distinguisher, configure import and export route-targets, associate interface
With PE to PE iBGP peering, what commands go under main BGP process? connection specific
With PE to PE iBGP peering, what commands go under the vpnv4 address family? neighbor activate, neighbor send community
Created by: ajballer15
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