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TCA cycle
Per Westericks objectives
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When does TCA occur (respiration) | During aerobic respiration |
| What is the main regulatory enzyme of TCA cycle | Isocitrate Dehydrogenase |
| Where does TCA occur | Mitochondria |
| What are the starting materials of TCA cycle? | Acetyl CoA, NAD+, FAD, GDP, and Pi |
| What are the products of TCA cycle? | CO2, NADH, FADH2, GTP |
| What is the recycled 4 carbon compound of TCA cycle? | Oxaloacaetate |
| Which dehydrogenase reduces FAD to FADH2 in TCA cycle? | Succinate dehydrogenase |
| Which dehydrogneases reduce NAD+ to NADH in the TCA cycle? | isocitrate dehydrogenase,aplha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrgonenase |
| Why is TCA cycle completely aerobatic even though it does not use oxygen in cycle? | The TCA cycle is aerobatic because it produces NADH which is oxidized in the OX-PHOS. OX-PHOS requires O2 and therefore if not O2 is avialible then OX-Phos doesnt occure. This results in a build up in NADH which inhibits TCA cycle and PDH. |
| What enzyme produces oxaloacetate from pyruvate? | pyruvate carboxylase |
| How is Isocitrate dehydrogenase activated? | ADP and CA2+ and isocitrate |
| If a patient is deficient in panthothenic acid, which cofactor of TCA will this affect? | Co-enzyme A (CoA-SH) |
| If a patient is deficient in Niacin, which cofactor of TCA will this affect | NAD+/NADH |
| If a patient is deficient in riboflavin, which cofactor of TCA will this affect? | FAD/FADH2 |
| If a patient is deficient in Thiamine pyrophospate (TPP), which cofactor of TCA will this affect? | Thiamine |
| If a patient is deficient in Lipoic acid, which cofactor of TCA will this affect? | lipomide |
| Pyruvate can be transaminated into which amino acid? | alanine |
| Oxalacetate can be transaminated into which amino acid? | aspartate |
| alpha-ketoglutarate can be transaminated into which amino acid? | glutamate |
| What cofactors are required for alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase? | NAD+, thiamine pyrophosphate (PPT), and lipoic acid |
| What can oxaloacetate be converted to in order to cross the mitochondrial membrane? | Malate or aspartate |
| What does the TCA cycle produce with amino acid carbons in the fed and fasted states? | Fed states- CO2 and Fatty acids for triglycerides through citrate. Fasted state- carbon source for gluconeogensis as oxaloacetate. |
| How is TCA cycle connected to heme synthesis? | Succinyl CoA leaves for heme snythesis in liver |
| How is TCA cycle connected to neurotransmitter synthesis? | alpha-ketoglutarate leaves for glutamate and GABA snythesis |
| What is the rate limiting enzyme in the TCA cycle? | isocitrate dehydrogenase |
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