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68wm6 Admin Blood
Administration of blood and blood products
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration of blood | 0.9% |
| Define Hematocrit | A measurement of total blood volume |
| The Hematacrit for men | 42 - 52% |
| The Hematacrit for women | 37 - 47% |
| The three plasma proteins | Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen |
| Plasma proteins that help thicken and maintain blood volume | Albumins |
| Plasma proteins include the antibodies that help protect us from infection | Globulins |
| Plasma protein that functions as a necessary component for blood clotting | Fibrinogen |
| The average blood volume of plasma | 2.6L (2600 mL). |
| The average blood volume of RBCs and platelets | 2.4L (2400mL) |
| Average total blood volume | 5L (5000mL). |
| The average RBC count | 4.2 - 6.2 million/mm3 |
| How long do RBCs circulate in the body? | 4 months |
| Normal hemoglobin level in men | 14 - 18 g/dL |
| Normal hemoglobin level in women | 12-16 g/dL |
| Vitamins required for RBC production | B12, folic acid, riboflavin (B2), and pryidoxine (B6) |
| What is the average WBC count? | 5,000 - 10,000 mm3 of blood |
| What WBCs are the primary phagocytic cells involved in acute inflammatory response? | Neutrophils |
| What WBCs release lysozyme, an enzyme that destroys certain bacteria? | Neutrophils |
| What is the normal value of Neutrophils? | 60 - 70% |
| What WBCs play a role in allergic reactions and are effective against certain parasitic worms? | Eosinophils |
| What is the normal value of Eosiniphils? | 1-4% |
| What WBCs are essential to the nonspecific immune response to inflammation because of their role in releasing histamine during tissue damage or invasion? | Basophils |
| What WBCs contain heparin, serotonin, and histamine? | Basophils |
| What is the normal value of Basophils? | 0.5 - 1% |
| List the Granular leukocytes | The 'phils', Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils |
| What WBCs are responsible for the Antigen-antibody process (i.e. B-cells and T-cells)? | Lymphocytes |
| What is the normal value of Lymphocytes? | 20-40% |
| What WBCs primary job is Engulf foreign antigens, bacteria and cell debris? | Monocytes |
| What is the second type of WBC to arrive at the scene of an injury | Monocytes |
| What is the normal value of Monocytes? | 2 - 6% |
| What are the smallest cells in the blood? | Thrombocytes |
| What is the life span of thrombocytes? | 5-9 days |
| What is the normal platelet count? | 150,000 - 400,000 mm3 of blood |
| Smallest of the plasma proteins, which account for 60% of protein in weight | Albumin |
| Where is Albumin synthesized? | The liver. |
| Which blood protein acts as an antibody? | Gamma globulins |
| Which blood proteins are essential for the transportation of lipids and fat soluble vitamins? | Alpha and Beta Globulins |
| What is the largest of the plasma proteins? | Fibrinogens |
| What percentage of protein by weight does fibrinogens make up? | 4% |
| Where are fibrinogens synthesized? | The liver. |
| The 'A' blood type contains which antigen and antibodies? | RBCs contain Type A antigen, Plasma contains Type B anti-bodies |
| The 'B' blood type contains which anitgen and antibodies? | RBCs contain Type B antigen, Plasma contains Type A anti-bodies |
| The 'AB' blood type contains which anitgen and antibodies? | RBCs contains both type A and B antigen, Plasma contains neither anti-A or B antibodies |
| Which blood type is the universal recipient? | Type AB |
| The 'O' blood type contains which anitgen and antibodies? | RBCs contain neither type A or B antigen, Plasma contains both anti-A and B antibodies |
| Which blood type is the universal donor? | Type O |
| An examination in which the different kinds of white blood cells are counted and reported as percentages of the total examined or absolute (actual number) is called | A differential white blood cell count (DIFF) |
| What is transfused when whole blood could result in circulatory overload? | Packed RBCs |
| What are some indications for the use of whole blood? | Hemorrhage, Hypovolemic shock |
| What are some indications for the use of fresh whole blood? | Multiple transfusions, Exchange transfusions |
| What blood is transfused in immunosuppressed or hypersensitive PTs? | Deglycerolized/ Washed RBCs |
| What is used for people with clotting deficiencies or who had an overdose of warfarin (Coumadin)? | Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) |
| Define Plasma Exchange (Plasmapheresis) | blood drawn off, cleansed, and components returned. |
| What is Cryoprecipitate | fresh-frozen plasma precipitate which contains factors I and VIII. |
| What is used to treat v0n Willebrand’s disease? | Cryoprecipitate. |
| What is the preferred treatment of hemophilia? | Antihemophilic Factor Concentrate. |
| What is used for blood volume expansion in burns, shock, or protein deficiencies? | Fresh Frozen Plasma |
| What product would you expect the physician to order if the client needed an increase in oxygen carrying capacity? | Packed RBCs. |
| When should the consent form be signed? | no more than 72 hours prior to the administration of the transfusion. |
| What must be verified to ensure that the transfusion products match the recipient’s blood? | Blood type and Rh factor. |
| What is an Autologous Transfusion? | Blood drawn from the client weeks before the scheduled procedure. |
| What is the safest blood for the clients use? | Autologous Transfusion (Clients own blood) |
| Why should the IV tubing for the administration of blood products contain a filter? | Prevent infusion of clots. |
| What kind of tubing does a blood administration set use? | Y tubing |
| How soon must blood be used once its drawn from the blood bank? | within 30 minutes. |
| When preparing a RBC bag, how much saline do you let run into it prior to infusion? | 50mL |
| What is the initial flow rate of a blood transfusion? | 2mL/minute for the first 15 minutes. |
| When do vitals need to be taken on a patient during a blood transfusion? | At the end of the 15 minutes initial flow rate, and every 30 minutes after until transfusion is complete. |
| If a reaction occurs during the transfusion, the blood component may be clamped off and what infused? | Normal Saline |
| What can cause an Acute Hemolytic reaction? | Infusion of ABO-incompatible whole blood, RBCs, or components containing 10 mL or more of RBC destruction. |
| What is the most common reaction to a blood transfusion? | Febrile, non-hemoltyic |
| What causes circulatory overload | fluid administration faster than the circulation can accommodate. |
| What are some clinical manifistations of circulatory overload? | Cough. Dyspnea. Pulmonary Congestion (rales). Headache. Hypertension. Tachycardia. Distended neck veins. |
| What are some clinical manifistations of Sepsis? | Rapid onset of chills. High fever. Vomiting. Diarrhea. Marked hypotension. Shock. |
| How often should vitals be assessed if the patient suffers a transfusion reaction? | Every 5 minutes. |
| What should be obtained and sent to the lab if the patient suffers a transfusion reaction? | Remaining blood and tubing set used during the transfusion. Sample of the patient’s blood per agency protocol. Urine sample from the patient. |
| What is the first thing the LPN should do if a transfusion reaction is suspected? | Immediately stop the transfusion. |
Created by:
Shanejqb
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