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CCIE R&S - GNT
CCIE R&S - Written - General Networking Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What routing type periodically passes entire routing tables? | Distance Vector |
| What routing type floods updates within the area? | Link State |
| EIGRP uses what type of routing? | Hybrid |
| BGP uses what type of routing? | Path Vector |
| What timer marks a route as unreachable if an updates is not received over so many intervals? | Invalidation Timer |
| This limit is set for Distance Vector routing to prevent 'counting to infinity' | Hop Count |
| When a metric worsens, this timer disallows updates for a delay period | Hold-down Timer |
| Asynchronous updates use this timer to prevent router synchronization | Random Delay Timer |
| Setting the metric to 'unreachable' | Route Poisoning |
| This rule says do no send updates out of the interface on which that update was received | Split-Horizon |
| This protocol doesn't automatically turn off Split-Horizon on frame-relay hub and spoke environments | EIGRP |
| An exception to the split horizon rule to influence sender of route update | Poison Reverse |
| Another name for Summarization | Aggregation |
| What is the purpose of a static route to NULL0 with summary advertisements | This is a loop prevention mechanism to drop packets that are destined to a part of the summary route that the router doesn't know how to reach |
| Which routing protocols auto-summarize by default? | RIP and EIGRP |
| What are the three main routing decision criteria? | Prefix Length, Administrative Distance, Metric |
| Admin Distance of Directly Connected Route? | 0 |
| Admin Distance of Static Route? | 1 |
| Admin Distance of EIGRP Summary Route? | 5 |
| Admin Distance of External BGP Route? | 20 |
| Admin Distance of Internal EIGRP Route? | 90 |
| Admin Distance of IGRP Route? | 100 |
| Admin Distance of OSPF Route? | 110 |
| Admin Distance of IS-IS Route? | 115 |
| Admin Distance of RIP Route? | 120 |
| Admin Distance of ODR Route? | 160 |
| Admin Distance of External EIGRP Route? | 170 |
| Admin Distance of Internal BGP Route? | 200 |
| Admin Distance of Unknown Route? | 255 |
| A copy of the routing table is cached in memory inside this structure | Forwarding Information Base (FIB) |
| A copy of the mac address-table is cached in memory inside this structure | Adjacency Table |
| Negative effect of redistribution | Information is lost |
| Where is redistribution performed? | On border routers running more than one routing protocol |
| When an area is a path between two other routing domains, it is also know as a ____________ . | Transit Routing Domain |
| These routing domains don't carry transit packets | Stub |
| Routing instability due to 'feedback' causes __________. | Routing Loops |
| Three ways to troubleshoot routing loops | Admin Distance, Route Filtering, and More Careful Redistribution |
| What is the 'Split-Horizon' rule with redistribution? | Never redistribute a prefix into a domain and then accept the same prefix from another domain |
| Which routing protocols must have metrics set for redistribution? | RIP and EIGRP |
| What is the OSPF default cost of a redistributed route from an IGP? | 20 |
| What is the default OSPF cost when using the 'default-information originate' command or redistributing from BGP? | 1 |
| What two logic rules are used to determine which routes are redistributed from an IGP routing protocol? | Use all routes learned by that IGP, Use all routes referenced by that IGP's network commands |
| Which IGP only redistributes classful networks by default? How to change this behavior? | OSPF, subnets keyword |
| What order does a router use to set redistributed route metrics? | route-map, redistribute metric command, default-metric |
| In what two ways can the OSPF metric-type be set? | Redistribute metric-type, route-map |
| What is the metric of an advertised summary in an IGP? | Uses lowest metric of any component routes |
| Which IGP can override the default route-summarization cost? Command? | OSPF, area-range |
| Default Route Learning table | Default-information originate: RIP-yes, EIGRP-no, OSPF-yes; ip default-network: RIP-yes, EIGRP-yes, OSPF-no; redistribute static: RIP-yes, EIGRP-yes, OSPF-no, summary route: RIP-no, EIGRP-yes, OSPF-no |
| What is the preferred order of learning a default routes if there are multiple options? | administrative distance, route-type, lowest metric |
| How does EIGRP treat default routes? | As external routes |
| How does RIP interpret the 'default-information originate' command? | Redistributes the default route whether it's in routing table or not |
| What different ways can a statically configured default route be redistributed in RIP? | Redistribute static |
| Which default route learning method is classful only? | ip default-network |
| What is necessary for the command 'ip default-network' to redistribute the default route? | Classful network must be in the routing table |
| What is a special necessity for the command 'ip default-network' to redistribute the default route in EIGRP? | EIGRP must be advertising that classful network |
Created by:
ajballer15
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