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CSU Research Terms
CSU Research Terms (Mostly Quantitative)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Null hypothesis rejected in p... | p value is < .05 |
| Nominal data | two or more mutually exclusive categories. male/female |
| Power | The ability to find differences between groups or correlations. |
| Research Reliability | Confirmability – This requires that researchers explain their procedures clearly |
| Placebo effect | subjects respond to a treatment with positive effects because they believe that it will work. Placebo effects occur in both experimental and control groups (both aspirin and sugar pills will have a placebo effect on headaches) |
| Hawthorne effect | subject's knowledge of participation in experiment influences results |
| Experimenter bias | expectations of investigator influence results. Blinding can help |
| Learning effect | Experience with pretest influences subject's scores on post test. Participants have learned the test. |
| Ordinal data | classifies and ranks in terms of the degree they possess a common characteristic. NOT equal intervals. MMT. |
| Interval data | Ranks on predetermined EQUAL INTERVALS. NO true ZERO. IQ, F/C temp |
| Ratio data | ranks based on EQUAL INTERVALS and TRUE ZERO POINT. most precise level of measurement. weight, time, inches, miles |
| Double blind study | subject & investigator not aware of group assignment (experimental or control) |
| Bind to test results | Anyone giving a test or assessment in a study should be blind to the results of other tests and blind to group assignment in order to avoid bias |
| Effect size | size of difference between sample means. T-tests, ANOVAs find a difference in group mean scores. Effect size describes the size of the difference |
| Generalizability | The degree to which findings apply to an entire population |
| Informed consent | A process by which participants learn about general nature of study, any risks, what will be done to minimize risks, possible benefits etc. before agreeing to be in a study |
| Control group | Group resembling experiemental group that does not receive independent variable. |
| Intervening variable | variable that alters the relationship between IND and DEP |
| Research Validity | Is NOT the same as assessment validity |
| Internal validity | degree observed differences in DEP variable are result of IND variable and not some other variable |
| External Validity | Degree results are generalizable to popn or to environmental settings outside of study |
| Sampling bias | sampling error - convenience sampling, increases risk of this. Large Random samples help samples to match populations. |
| n | Sample |
| N | Population |
| Independent Variable | A hypothesized cause of an effect. Usually a treatment or intervention. |
| Dependent Variable | The effect that you are expecting based on a treatment, an intervention or some other independent variable. |
Created by:
OTTeacherLady
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